Consumer attitudes and preferences for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: A case of Delhi and Kolkata, India

Abstract

In the push for passenger transportation electrification, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) serve as a suitable bridge towards sustainable transportation, especially in settings marked by rapid urbanization and socio-economic variations, such as India. Compared to conventional vehicles, PHEVs can offer distinct advantages, but Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) often overshadow their potential. Addressing the dearth of PHEV-specific research, this study investigates consumer attitudes and preferences for PHEVs in two Indian megacities: Delhi and Kolkata. Using a three-step method on attitudinal and stated preference data from 415 (Delhi) and 500 (Kolkata) car-owners, the study segmented consumers employing factor and cluster analyses, revealing dominant groups such as the ’actively concerned’, which merges consumers with technological enthusiasm and environmental awareness. Mixed logit models further unveil consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for various PHEV attributes. Notably, Delhi consumers exhibited 56 % more WTP for Advanced Vehicle Technology (AVT) options compared to their Kolkata counterparts. While Delhi consumers prioritized battery range, battery warranty, and recharging time, Kolkata consumers emphasized emission reduction. Sensitivity analysis revealed price as a dominant adoption barrier, suggesting subsidies could enhance PHEV uptake. This research highlights diverse PHEV preferences across Indian cities, underscoring the need for city-specific policy interventions.