The health effects of non-prescribed anabolic–androgenic steroid use: Findings from The Performance and image-enhancing drugs UseRS' Health (PUSH) audit

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Drug and alcohol review Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI:10.1111/dar.13899

Matthew Dunn, Joshua Dawe, Beng Eu, Kevin Lee, Timothy Piatkowski, Mark Stoové

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

To ascertain the adverse health outcomes experienced by those using prescribed testosterone and non-prescribed anabolic–androgenic steroids presenting to general practitioner (GP) clinics.

Methods

Retrospective clinical audit from nine GP clinics in major metropolitan areas across three Australian states. Data included demographic and individual characteristics (age, sexuality, body mass index, smoking status and HIV status); performance and image-enhancing drug use (type, reasons for use, patient-reported adverse effects); and blood biochemistry measurements (lipid profiles, liver function tests and red blood cell tests). Adverse health outcomes included evidence of polycythaemia, hypertension, liver abnormalities and hypercholesterolemia.

Results

Three hundred men were identified as either using prescribed testosterone (66%; n = 197) or non-prescribed anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) (34%; n = 103). Individuals in the prescribed group were more likely to be older (p < 0.001), gay or bisexual (p < 0.001) and living with diagnosed HIV (p < 0.001) compared to individuals in the non-prescribed group. Abnormal liver function, polycythemia and gynecomastia were the top three adverse events experienced. When adjusting for age, sexuality, HIV status and smoking status, those who used non-prescribed AAS were more likely to experience any adverse event (aPR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.01–1.60; p = 0.038), hypertension (aPR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.19–2.91; p = 0.006) and liver abnormalities (aPR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.04–2.20; p = 0.030) compared to those using prescribed testosterone.

Discussion and Conclusion

For GPs who have clients who may be using, or who they suspect of using, AAS, these findings highlight the importance of not only exploring a patient's history of the adverse effects they have experienced, but that measuring for these other conditions may provide a more accurate clinical picture.

查看原文本刊更多论文

非处方合成代谢雄性类固醇使用对健康的影响：性能和图像增强药物使用者健康（PUSH）审计结果。

简介：目的目的：确定在全科医生（GP）诊所就诊的使用处方睾酮和非处方合成代谢雄性类固醇的患者的不良健康后果：方法：对澳大利亚三个州主要都市地区的九家全科医生诊所进行回顾性临床审计。数据包括人口统计学特征和个人特征（年龄、性取向、体重指数、吸烟状况和 HIV 感染状况）；使用性能和图像增强药物的情况（类型、使用原因、患者报告的不良反应）；以及血液生化测量（血脂概况、肝功能检测和红细胞检测）。不良健康后果包括多发性红细胞血症、高血压、肝功能异常和高胆固醇血症：三百名男性被确定为使用处方睾酮（66%；n = 197）或非处方合成代谢雄性类固醇（AAS）（34%；n = 103）。处方组中的个体年龄更大（P 讨论和结论：对于那些可能正在使用或怀疑正在使用合成代谢雄性类固醇的客户的全科医生来说，这些研究结果强调了不仅要了解患者的不良反应史，而且要对这些其他情况进行测量，这样才能提供更准确的临床信息。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Drug and alcohol review SUBSTANCE ABUSE-

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

10.50%

发文量

151

期刊介绍： Drug and Alcohol Review is an international meeting ground for the views, expertise and experience of all those involved in studying alcohol, tobacco and drug problems. Contributors to the Journal examine and report on alcohol and drug use from a wide range of clinical, biomedical, epidemiological, psychological and sociological perspectives. Drug and Alcohol Review particularly encourages the submission of papers which have a harm reduction perspective. However, all philosophies will find a place in the Journal: the principal criterion for publication of papers is their quality.