An ethylvanillin electrocatalytic sensor based on perovskite La3+-doped barium stannate nanorods

Abstract

Herein, a series of La³⁺-doped BaSnO₃ nanorods (Ba_1-xLa_xSnO₃) were prepared by sol-gel method and were developed as electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical detection of ethylvanillin (EVA). The Ba_1-xLa_xSnO₃ sensor exhibited better electrocatalytic detection performance than that of GCE and BaSnO₃, which is ascribed to the enhancement of conductivity and active sites after the introduction of La³⁺. The optimized Ba_0.995La_0.005SnO₃ sensor exhibited a linear range from 0.05 μM to 130 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 8.6 nM. Mechanistic study demonstrated that the electrochemical oxidation process of EVA is involved the diffusion control process of two electrons and the same number of protons. Additionally, the proposed sensor for EVA demonstrated good anti-interference ability, repeatability (RSD ∼2.70 %), reproducibility (RSD ∼2.99 %), and stability (RSD ∼2.44 %). Moreover, the Ba_0.995La_0.005SnO₃ sensor has good recoveries (100.4 %–102.4 %) for the detection of EVA in real milk powder extraction sample. The as-fabricated Ba_0.995La_0.005SnO₃ sensor provide the possibility to detect the EVA in the real sample.