Dietary choline intake in European and non-european populations: current status and future trends-a narrative review.

IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Ewelina Zuk, Grzegorz Nikrandt, Agata Chmurzynska
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Choline is a nutrient necessary for the proper functioning of the body with a multidimensional impact on human health. However, comprehensive studies evaluating the dietary intake of choline are limited. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze current trends in choline intake in European and non-European populations. The secondary aim was to discuss possible future choline trends.

Methods: The search strategy involved a systematic approach to identifying relevant literature that met specific inclusion criteria. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials were searched for in PubMed and Scopus databases from January 2016 to April 2024. This review includes the characteristics of study groups, sample sizes, methods used to assess choline intake and time period, databases used to determine intake, choline intakes, and the main sources of choline in the diet. The review considered all population groups for which information on choline intake was collected.

Results: In most studies performed in Europe after 2015 choline intake did not exceed 80% of the AI standard value. The mean choline intake for adults in different European countries were 310 mg/day, while the highest value was reported for Polish men at 519 mg/day. In non-European countries, mean choline intakes were 293 mg/day and above. The main reported sources of choline in the diet are products of animal origin, mainly eggs and meat. The available data describing the potential intake of these products in the EU in the future predict an increase in egg intake by another 8% compared to 2008-2019 and a decrease in meat intake by about 2 kg per capita from 2018 to 2030.

Conclusions: In the last decade, choline intake among adults has been insufficient, both in Europe and outside it. In each population group, including pregnant women, choline intake has been lower than recommended. Future choline intake may depend on trends in meat and egg consumption, but also on the rapidly growing market of plant-based products. However, the possible changes in the intake of the main sources of choline may lead to either no change or a slight increase in overall choline intake.

欧洲和非欧洲人群的膳食胆碱摄入量:现状和未来趋势--综述。
背景:胆碱是人体正常运作所必需的营养物质,对人体健康有多方面的影响。然而,对胆碱膳食摄入量进行评估的全面研究十分有限。本综述旨在分析欧洲和非欧洲人群胆碱摄入量的当前趋势。其次是讨论胆碱未来可能的发展趋势:检索策略包括采用系统方法来确定符合特定纳入标准的相关文献。在 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库中搜索了 2016 年 1 月至 2024 年 4 月期间的观察性研究和随机临床试验。本综述包括研究群体的特征、样本大小、评估胆碱摄入量的方法和时间段、用于确定摄入量的数据库、胆碱摄入量以及膳食中胆碱的主要来源。综述考虑了所有收集到胆碱摄入量信息的人群:2015 年后在欧洲进行的大多数研究中,胆碱摄入量均未超过 AI 标准值的 80%。欧洲各国成年人的平均胆碱摄入量为 310 毫克/天,波兰男性的最高值为 519 毫克/天。非欧洲国家的平均胆碱摄入量为 293 毫克/天及以上。据报道,膳食中胆碱的主要来源是动物源性产品,主要是蛋类和肉类。现有数据描述了欧盟未来这些产品的潜在摄入量,预测鸡蛋摄入量将比 2008-2019 年再增加 8%,肉类摄入量从 2018 年到 2030 年人均减少约 2 千克:在过去十年中,无论是在欧洲还是在欧洲以外地区,成年人的胆碱摄入量都不足。包括孕妇在内的每个人群的胆碱摄入量都低于建议摄入量。未来的胆碱摄入量可能取决于肉类和蛋类的消费趋势,也取决于快速增长的植物性产品市场。不过,胆碱主要来源摄入量的可能变化可能会导致胆碱总摄入量不变或略有增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Nutrition Journal
Nutrition Journal NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
68
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered. Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies. In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.
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