How to Support Communication Between Nurses and Residents During Shift Work: A Mixed-Methods Study Into Local Practices and Perceptions

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore local practices and perceptions of effective nurse-resident communication during shifts. Subsequently, effective communication was sought to be reinforced by implementing an initiative for improvement.

DESIGN

A mixed-methods study was performed, combining a questionnaire with focus groups. Following qualitative analysis, 3 initiatives for improvement of nurse-resident communication were scrutinized, after which 1 initiative was implemented. Overall contentment with the implementation and effectiveness of communication was reassessed through a questionnaire at 3 months postimplementation.

SETTING

This study took place between 2022 and 2023 at the Department of Surgery of the Leiden University Medical Center, a tertiary center in the Netherlands.

PARTICIPANTS

All surgical nurses (n = 150) and residents (n = 20) were invited to participate, by responding to the questionnaire and take part in the focus groups. A total of 38 nurses (response rate 25.3%) and 12 residents (60%) completed the questionnaire, and 31 nurses and 13 residents participated in the focus groups.

RESULTS

The themes “clarity,” “mutual respect,” “accessibility” and “approach” were critical for effective communication, in which there were interdisciplinary differences in the interpretation and needs regarding “clarity.” In response, structured moments for interdisciplinary consultation during shifts were implemented, which were foremostly useful according to nurses (73.9%), compared to residents (40.0%). A majority of the nurses agreed that communication during shifts improved through fixed moments (60.9%).

CONCLUSION

Differences in the perception of critical elements for efficient nurse-resident communication during shifts can be found, which could possibly be explained by differences in training and culture. Mutual awareness for each other's tasks, responsibilities and background seems vital for the ability to deliver good patient care during shifts. To improve interprofessional practice and overcome concerns of quality of care, attention for local practices is imperative. Practical arrangements, such as fixed moments for peer communication, can strengthen partnership during shift work.