{"title":"Insights into fermentation with lactic acid bacteria on the flavonoids biotransformation of alfalfa silage","authors":"Yu Gao, Hongzhang Zhou, Yuan Wang, Luiz Gustavo Nussio, Fuyu Yang, Kuikui Ni","doi":"10.1186/s40538-024-00594-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Oxidative stress is currently one of the main threats to animal health, and flavonoids in forage have good antioxidant activity. However, the impact of fermentation on flavonoids and their antioxidant activity in forage is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculation on the biological transformation of flavonoids in alfalfa silage fermentation and its relationship with antioxidant activity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with the raw materials, silage fermentation can increase the total flavonoid content of alfalfa. The addition of <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> (CP115739.1) and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (CP115741.1) can significantly increase the total flavonoid content in alfalfa silage (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The addition of lactic acid bacteria significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of alfalfa silage (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between total flavonoids and DPPH (R = 0.62, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and a highly significant correlation between total flavonoids and FRAP (R = 0.70, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Compared with natural silage fermentation, the addition of lactic acid bacteria leads to changes in the biological transformation process of flavonoids in alfalfa. Its unique products, 3,7,4′-trioxyflavonoids, as well as acacetin and taxifolin 7-O-rhamnoside, are significantly positively correlated with antioxidant activity.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Silage fermentation contributes to the transformation of flavonoids, and inoculation with certain lactic acid bacteria can increase the content of flavonoids (including apigenin, luteolin, and other free flavonoids). It is worth noting that after fermentation, the antioxidant capacity of alfalfa is significantly improved, which may be attributed to the biotransformation of flavonoids related to acacetin, 3,7,4′-trihydroxyflavonoids, and taxifolin 7-O-rhamnoside. This study provides a potential pathway for obtaining value-added silage fermentation products by selecting specific lactic acid bacteria inoculants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-024-00594-w","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40538-024-00594-w","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
Oxidative stress is currently one of the main threats to animal health, and flavonoids in forage have good antioxidant activity. However, the impact of fermentation on flavonoids and their antioxidant activity in forage is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculation on the biological transformation of flavonoids in alfalfa silage fermentation and its relationship with antioxidant activity.
Results
Compared with the raw materials, silage fermentation can increase the total flavonoid content of alfalfa. The addition of Pediococcus pentosaceus (CP115739.1) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (CP115741.1) can significantly increase the total flavonoid content in alfalfa silage (P < 0.05). The addition of lactic acid bacteria significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of alfalfa silage (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between total flavonoids and DPPH (R = 0.62, P < 0.05), and a highly significant correlation between total flavonoids and FRAP (R = 0.70, P < 0.01). Compared with natural silage fermentation, the addition of lactic acid bacteria leads to changes in the biological transformation process of flavonoids in alfalfa. Its unique products, 3,7,4′-trioxyflavonoids, as well as acacetin and taxifolin 7-O-rhamnoside, are significantly positively correlated with antioxidant activity.
Conclusions
Silage fermentation contributes to the transformation of flavonoids, and inoculation with certain lactic acid bacteria can increase the content of flavonoids (including apigenin, luteolin, and other free flavonoids). It is worth noting that after fermentation, the antioxidant capacity of alfalfa is significantly improved, which may be attributed to the biotransformation of flavonoids related to acacetin, 3,7,4′-trihydroxyflavonoids, and taxifolin 7-O-rhamnoside. This study provides a potential pathway for obtaining value-added silage fermentation products by selecting specific lactic acid bacteria inoculants.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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