The ‘scars’ left on children by exclusion, but re-inclusion may ‘heal up’

IF 2.8 4区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant and Child Development Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI:10.1002/icd.2515

Jun Zheng, Wenlu Liu, Ping Qian, Linlin Yan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that social exclusion can have negative effects on the well-being of children and adolescents. However, there is inconsistent evidence regarding how the impact of social exclusion changes with age. This study used the Cyberball paradigm to investigate the effects of exclusion and subsequent inclusion on primary needs (such as belonging, self-esteem, control and meaningful existence) and emotions (including happiness, sadness and anger) in a sample of Chinese school-aged children (163 children aged 6–8, 8–10 and 10–11). The results revealed that children aged 6–8 showed lower susceptibility to ostracism, while threats to primary needs emerged around the ages of 8–10 and persisted until 10–12. Negative effects on moods were evident from the age of 6–8 and intensified with age. Brief inclusion following exclusion was found to effectively restore the primary needs and moods of ostracized children, serving as a reliable intervention for promoting rapid recovery. However, age-related differences were observed in the restorative effects of re-inclusion, with 8- to 10-year-olds benefiting more compared to 10- to 12-year-olds. These findings provide valuable insights for educational institutions seeking to create supportive environments that help children recover from the detrimental effects of ostracism.

Highlights

Ostracism can be detrimental to the primary needs and moods of school-aged children.
There are developmental changes in the effects of ostracism on children's primary needs and moods, and 8–10 years old may be a critical period.
Re-inclusion can effectively restore the damaged primary needs and moods of excluded children, but its effect is also age-dependent.

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排斥给儿童留下的 "伤疤"，但重新接纳可以 "愈合

以往的研究表明，社会排斥会对儿童和青少年的福祉产生负面影响。然而，关于社会排斥的影响如何随年龄变化的证据并不一致。本研究以中国学龄儿童为样本（163 名年龄分别为 6-8、8-10 和 10-11 岁的儿童），采用 "网络球 "范式研究社会排斥和社会包容对儿童主要需求（如归属感、自尊、控制和有意义的存在）和情绪（包括快乐、悲伤和愤怒）的影响。结果显示，6-8 岁的儿童对排斥的敏感度较低，而对主要需求的威胁则出现在 8-10 岁左右，并一直持续到 10-12 岁。对情绪的负面影响从 6-8 岁开始就很明显，并随着年龄的增长而加剧。研究发现，排斥后的短暂融入能有效恢复被排斥儿童的基本需求和情绪，是促进其快速康复的可靠干预措施。然而，在重新接纳的恢复效果方面，观察到了与年龄有关的差异，8 至 10 岁的儿童比 10 至 12 岁的儿童受益更多。这些研究结果为教育机构提供了宝贵的启示，这些机构正在努力创造支持性环境，帮助儿童从排斥的有害影响中恢复过来。排斥会损害学龄儿童的主要需求和情绪，排斥对儿童主要需求和情绪的影响存在发展变化，8-10 岁可能是一个关键时期。重新接纳可以有效恢复被排斥儿童受损的主要需求和情绪，但其效果也与年龄有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Infant and Child Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

9.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： Infant and Child Development publishes high quality empirical, theoretical and methodological papers addressing psychological development from the antenatal period through to adolescence. The journal brings together research on: - social and emotional development - perceptual and motor development - cognitive development - language development atypical development (including conduct problems, anxiety and depressive conditions, language impairments, autistic spectrum disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders)