Nonjudgment Mediates the Effect of a Brief Smartphone-Delivered Mindfulness Intervention on Rumination in a Randomized Controlled Trial with Adolescents

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Mindfulness Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI:10.1007/s12671-024-02363-0

Lori M. Hilt, Caroline M. Swords, Nina Austria, Christian A. Webb, Justus Wahl, Layne Eklund

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

Rumination, a risk factor for the development of psychopathology that often emerges during adolescence, has been successfully targeted in mindfulness interventions; however, the mechanism is unclear. Acquiring mindfulness skills may help reduce repetitive ruminative thinking and in turn alleviate negative emotions. The goal of the present study was to test whether changes in trait mindfulness accounted for the reductions in rumination following a brief mindfulness intervention.

Method

Ruminative adolescents (n = 152; 59% girls, 18% racial/ethnic minority, mean age = 13.72, SD = 0.89) were randomly assigned to use a mobile app 3 times per day for 3 weeks that delivered brief mindfulness exercises or a mood monitoring only control. They completed questionnaires to assess rumination, mindfulness, and depression at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months post-intervention.

Results

We ran a parallel causal mediation model with bootstrapping to examine whether changes in facets of mindfulness (Nonjudgment, Nonreactivity, Describe, Awareness, Observe) mediated the effect of treatment group on change in rumination. A significant indirect effect of Treatment Group on Rumination emerged through Nonjudgment. Next, we ran a serial mediation model predicting depressive symptoms during the follow-up period (12 weeks and 6 months post-intervention) from Treatment Group through Nonjudgment (immediate post-intervention) and rumination (at 6 weeks post-intervention). Results from this model were significant.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that a brief mindfulness intervention increases nonjudgmental awareness, thereby reducing rumination and subsequent depressive symptoms. Understanding these mechanisms may help tailor interventions for at-risk youth.

Preregistration

This study was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier NCT03900416).

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在一项以青少年为对象的随机对照试验中，非评判对智能手机提供的简短正念干预对反刍的影响具有中介作用

目的反刍是导致精神病理学发展的一个风险因素，通常出现在青春期，正念干预已成功地将其作为干预目标；然而，其机制尚不清楚。掌握正念技能可能有助于减少重复性反刍思维，进而缓解负面情绪。本研究的目的是测试正念特质的变化是否会导致短暂正念干预后反刍的减少。方法将反刍的青少年（n = 152；59% 为女孩，18% 为少数种族/族裔，平均年龄 = 13.72，SD = 0.89）随机分配到每天使用 3 次移动应用程序，为期 3 周，该应用程序提供短暂的正念练习或仅提供情绪监测的对照组。他们在基线、干预后以及干预后6周、12周和6个月的随访中填写了评估反刍、正念和抑郁的问卷。结果我们利用引导法运行了一个平行因果中介模型，以检验正念的各个方面（不判断、不反应、描述、觉察、观察）的变化是否中介了治疗组对反刍变化的影响。通过 "非判断"，治疗组对反刍产生了明显的间接影响。接下来，我们运行了一个序列中介模型，通过非判断（干预后即刻）和反刍（干预后 6 周）预测治疗组在随访期间（干预后 12 周和 6 个月）的抑郁症状。结论我们的研究结果表明，简短的正念干预可以提高非评判意识，从而减少反刍和随后的抑郁症状。了解这些机制可能有助于为高危青少年量身定制干预措施。本研究已在 Clinicaltrials.gov 注册（标识符为 NCT03900416）。

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来源期刊

Mindfulness Multiple-

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

19.40%

发文量

224

期刊介绍： Mindfulness seeks to advance research, clinical practice, and theory on mindfulness. It is interested in manuscripts from diverse viewpoints, including psychology, psychiatry, medicine, neurobiology, psychoneuroendocrinology, cognitive, behavioral, cultural, philosophy, spirituality, and wisdom traditions. Mindfulness encourages research submissions on the reliability and validity of assessment of mindfulness; clinical uses of mindfulness in psychological distress, psychiatric disorders, and medical conditions; alleviation of personal and societal suffering; the nature and foundations of mindfulness; mechanisms of action; and the use of mindfulness across cultures. The Journal also seeks to promote the use of mindfulness by publishing scholarly papers on the training of clinicians, institutional staff, teachers, parents, and industry personnel in mindful provision of services. Examples of topics include: Mindfulness-based psycho-educational interventions for children with learning, emotional, and behavioral disorders Treating depression and clinical symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure Yoga and mindfulness Cognitive-behavioral mindfulness group therapy interventions Mindfulnessness and emotional regulation difficulties in children Loving-kindness meditation to increase social connectedness Training for parents and children with ADHD Recovery from substance abuse Changing parents’ mindfulness Child management skills Treating childhood anxiety and depression