Focused attention and intrinsic motivation using animations for instruction of fundamental motor skills in children with Down syndrome

IF 2.1 2区医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI:10.1111/jir.13140

D. Bridi, N. C. Valentini, A. C. Deslandes, F. Copetti

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Children with Down syndrome (DS) demonstrate poorer performance in locomotor and ball skills than children with typical development. During motor assessment, keeping children's attention and motivation is challenging, especially for children with DS, which may affect the test outcomes. This study aimed first to examine the impact of examiner and App-animation demonstrations during the assessment on the performance of fundamental motor skills, focus of attention and intrinsic motivation for children with DS and neurotypical development (NTD). The secondary aim was to examine the differences in those outcomes between children with DS and neurotypical development.

Methods

A sample of 24 children (10 with DS and 14 with NTD) aged between 3 and 10 years were subjected to two motor performance assessment protocols: a traditional protocol using the Gross Motor Development Test-3 (TGMD-3) and a protocol using animations from an application as support for TGMD-3 (AppP). The focus of attention was obtained from video recordings during protocol instruction (number of eye shifts, eye shift time, instruction focus time, number of instructions required and total instruction time). Intrinsic motivation was assessed by the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) at the end of each protocol.

Results

The results showed no significant differences between the protocols for locomotor skills, ball skills and gross motor index. However, children with NTD outperformed those with DS in these skills. When analysing the focus of attention, children with DS showed greater ocular deviations and longer instruction time requested in the traditional protocol compared with AppP, even when compared with NDT children. When comparing protocols in both groups, AppP demonstrated fewer ocular deviations and shorter ocular deviation times. Regarding intrinsic motivation, children with DS in the traditional protocol had lower motivation scores than those with NTD. Regarding the purchase of protocols, in both groups, the AppP presented higher scores for interest/pleasure, perceived competence and general motivation, with lower pressure/tension.

Conclusion

The animated application (AppP) proved effective as a visual support during the TGMD-3 assessment, particularly benefiting children with DS by enhancing motivation and attention.

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利用动画对唐氏综合征儿童的基本运动技能进行集中注意力和内在动力教学

背景唐氏综合症（DS）儿童在运动和球类技能方面的表现不如发育正常的儿童。在运动评估过程中，保持儿童的注意力和动机是一项挑战，尤其是对唐氏综合征儿童而言，这可能会影响测试结果。本研究首先旨在考察考官和应用程序在评估过程中的动画演示对 DS 儿童和神经发育异常（NTD）儿童的基本运动技能表现、注意力集中和内在动机的影响。方法对 24 名年龄在 3 到 10 岁之间的儿童（10 名 DS 儿童和 14 名 NTD 儿童）进行了两种运动表现评估方案：一种是使用粗大运动发育测试-3（TGMD-3）的传统方案，另一种是使用应用程序动画作为 TGMD-3 的辅助方案（AppP）。在方案指导过程中，通过视频记录（眼球移动次数、眼球移动时间、指导集中时间、所需指导次数和总指导时间）获得注意力的集中情况。结果表明，在运动技能、球类技能和粗大运动指数方面，不同方案之间没有显著差异。然而，在这些技能方面，NTD 儿童的表现优于 DS 儿童。在分析注意力焦点时，与 AppP 相比，DS 儿童在传统方案中表现出更大的眼球偏离，所需的指导时间也更长，即使与 NDT 儿童相比也是如此。在比较两组的方案时，AppP 显示出较少的眼球偏离和较短的眼球偏离时间。在内在动机方面，传统方案中的 DS 儿童的动机得分低于 NTD 儿童。结论动画应用程序（AppP）在 TGMD-3 评估中作为视觉支持被证明是有效的，特别是通过增强动力和注意力使 DS 儿童受益。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Multiple-

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

5.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Intellectual Disability Research is devoted exclusively to the scientific study of intellectual disability and publishes papers reporting original observations in this field. The subject matter is broad and includes, but is not restricted to, findings from biological, educational, genetic, medical, psychiatric, psychological and sociological studies, and ethical, philosophical, and legal contributions that increase knowledge on the treatment and prevention of intellectual disability and of associated impairments and disabilities, and/or inform public policy and practice. Expert reviews on themes in which recent research has produced notable advances will be included. Such reviews will normally be by invitation.