Perspective: The Impact of Fasting and Caloric Restriction on Neurodegenerative Diseases in Humans

IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Bérénice Hansen , Kirsten Roomp , Hebah Ebid , Jochen G Schneider
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Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the progressive functional and structural denaturation of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Despite the wide range of genetic predispositions, the increased emergence of these disorders has been associated with a variety of modifiable risk factors, including lifestyle factors. Diet has been shown to influence cognitive alterations in the elderly population with age-related brain pathologies, and specific dietary interventions might, therefore, confer preservatory protection to neural structures. Although Mediterranean and ketogenic diets have been studied, no clear guidelines have been implemented for the prevention or treatment of ND in clinical practice. Murine models have shown that intermittent fasting and caloric restriction (CR) can counteract disease processes in various age-related disorders, including NDs. The objective of this perspective is to provide a comprehensive, comparative overview of the available primary intervention studies on fasting and CR in humans with ND and to elucidate possible links between the mechanisms underlying the effects of fasting, CR, and the neuropathology of ND. We also included all currently available studies in older adults (with and without mild cognitive impairment) in which the primary endpoint was cognitive function to provide further insights into the feasibility and outcomes of such interventions. Overall, we conclude that nutritional intervention trials focusing on fasting and CR in humans with ND have been neglected, and more high-quality studies, including longitudinal clinical intervention trials, are urgently needed to elucidate the underlying immune–metabolic mechanisms in diet and ND.

透视:禁食和热量限制对人类神经退行性疾病的影响。
神经退行性疾病(ND)的特点是中枢神经系统和周围神经系统的神经元在功能和结构上逐渐变性。尽管存在多种遗传倾向,但这些疾病的增加与多种可改变的风险因素有关,包括生活方式因素。饮食已被证明会影响患有老年性脑部病变的老年人群的认知改变,因此,特定的饮食干预可能会对神经结构起到保护作用。虽然对地中海饮食(MD)和生酮饮食(KD)进行了研究,但在临床实践中还没有针对 ND 预防或治疗的明确指南。小鼠模型显示,间歇性禁食(IF)和热量限制(CR)可以抵消包括 ND 在内的各种老年相关疾病的发病过程。本研究的目的是对现有的关于禁食和热量限制对 ND 患者的主要干预研究进行全面的比较概述,并阐明禁食、热量限制和 ND 神经病理学之间可能存在的联系。我们还纳入了目前所有可用的针对老年人(患有或未患有轻度认知障碍 (MCI))的研究,这些研究的主要终点是认知功能,以便进一步了解此类干预的可行性和结果。总之,我们得出的结论是,针对 ND 患者进行的以禁食和 CR 为重点的营养干预试验一直被忽视,迫切需要更多高质量的研究,包括纵向临床干预试验,以阐明饮食和 ND 的潜在免疫代谢机制。意义声明:本研究开创性地综述了研究禁食和热量限制对神经退行性疾病(ND)患者影响的临床干预试验,标志着对这一主题的全面分析。
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来源期刊
Advances in Nutrition
Advances in Nutrition 医学-营养学
CiteScore
17.40
自引率
2.20%
发文量
117
审稿时长
56 days
期刊介绍: Advances in Nutrition (AN/Adv Nutr) publishes focused reviews on pivotal findings and recent research across all domains relevant to nutritional scientists and biomedical researchers. This encompasses nutrition-related research spanning biochemical, molecular, and genetic studies using experimental animal models, domestic animals, and human subjects. The journal also emphasizes clinical nutrition, epidemiology and public health, and nutrition education. Review articles concentrate on recent progress rather than broad historical developments. In addition to review articles, AN includes Perspectives, Letters to the Editor, and supplements. Supplement proposals require pre-approval by the editor before submission. The journal features reports and position papers from the American Society for Nutrition, summaries of major government and foundation reports, and Nutrient Information briefs providing crucial details about dietary requirements, food sources, deficiencies, and other essential nutrient information. All submissions with scientific content undergo peer review by the Editors or their designees prior to acceptance for publication.
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