Diagnosis of Covid-19 from CT slices using Whale Optimization Algorithm, Support Vector Machine and Multi-Layer Perceptron.

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 is a serious and highly contagious disease caused by infection with a newly discovered virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Objective: A Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system to assist physicians to diagnose Covid-19 from chest Computed Tomography (CT) slices is modelled and experimented.

Methods: The lung tissues are segmented using Otsu's thresholding method. The Covid-19 lesions have been annotated as the Regions of Interest (ROIs), which is followed by texture and shape extraction. The obtained features are stored as feature vectors and split into 80:20 train and test sets. To choose the optimal features, Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier's accuracy is employed. A Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier is trained to perform classification with the selected features.

Results: Comparative experimentations of the proposed system with existing eight benchmark Machine Learning classifiers using real-time dataset demonstrates that the proposed system with 88.94% accuracy outperforms the benchmark classifier's results. Statistical analysis namely, Friedman test, Mann Whitney U test and Kendall's Rank Correlation Coefficient Test has been performed which indicates that the proposed method has a significant impact on the novel dataset considered.

Conclusion: The MLP classifier's accuracy without feature selection yielded 80.40%, whereas with feature selection using WOA, it yielded 88.94%.