Free time-induced retroactive effects in working memory: Evidence from the single-gap paradigm.

IF 2.2 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY
Ruoyu Lu, Yinuo Xu, Jiyu Xu, Tengfei Wang, Zhi Li
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Free time in a working memory task often improves the recall performances of the to-be-remembered items. It is still debated whether the free-time effect in working memory is purely proactive, purely retroactive, or both proactive and retroactive. In the present study, we used the single-gap paradigm to explore this question. In Experiment 1, we measured the gap-length effect (i.e., the difference in memory performance elicited by the gap-length difference) under three long-short-gap combinations (i.e., 2,500 ms/100 ms, 2,500 ms/500 ms, 2,500 ms/1,000 ms). Proactive effects have been observed in all the three combinations whereas retroactive effects have only been found in two of them (i.e., 2,500 ms/100 ms, 2,500 ms/500 ms). To rule out the possibility that the retroactive effects found in Experiment 1 were simply due to the temporal grouping caused by the gap, in Experiment 2, the 2,500 ms/500 ms combination was retested, with the memory materials being changed from letters (the material used in Experiment 1) to words. The results showed that the range of the retroactive effect (i.e., the number of affected memory items prior to the gap) increased when the memory material changed from letters to words, which cannot be explained by temporal grouping. Taken together, the two experiments provided solid evidence that free time in working memory could produce both retroactive and proactive effects that cannot be explained by temporal grouping. These findings also provide insight into the underlying mechanism of working memory, for example, whether rehearsal would occur during the free time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

工作记忆中自由时间诱导的追溯效应:来自单间隙范式的证据
工作记忆任务中的自由时间往往能提高待记忆项目的回忆能力。工作记忆中的自由时间效应是纯粹的主动效应、纯粹的追溯效应,还是既主动又追溯的效应,目前仍存在争议。在本研究中,我们使用了单间隙范式来探讨这一问题。在实验 1 中,我们测量了三种长短间隙组合(即 2,500 毫秒/100 毫秒、2,500 毫秒/500 毫秒、2,500 毫秒/1,000 毫秒)下的间隙长度效应(即间隙长度差异引起的记忆表现差异)。在所有三种组合中都观察到了前摄效应,而仅在其中两种组合(即 2 500 毫秒/100 毫秒、2 500 毫秒/500 毫秒)中发现了后摄效应。为了排除实验 1 中发现的溯及效应仅仅是由于间隙造成的时间分组的可能性,实验 2 重新测试了 2,500 ms/500 ms 组合,记忆材料从字母(实验 1 中使用的材料)改为单词。结果显示,当记忆材料从字母变为单词时,追溯效应的范围(即间隙前受影响记忆项的数量)增加了,这无法用时间分组来解释。综合来看,这两个实验提供了确凿的证据,证明工作记忆中的空闲时间可以产生时间分组无法解释的追溯效应和主动效应。这些发现还让我们对工作记忆的潜在机制有了更深入的了解,例如,在自由时间内是否会发生排练。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
3.80%
发文量
163
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition publishes studies on perception, control of action, perceptual aspects of language processing, and related cognitive processes.
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