Expanding on cross-price elasticity: Understanding tobacco product demand and substitution from the cross-price purchase task

IF 1.4 3区 心理学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Rose S. Bono, Augustus M. White, Cosima Hoetger, Thokozeni Lipato, Warren K. Bickel, Caroline O. Cobb, Andrew J. Barnes
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Abstract

We examine whether cigarettes serve as substitutes for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among ENDS users and demonstrate methodological extensions of data from a cross-price purchase task to inform policies and interventions. During a clinical laboratory study, n = 19 exclusive ENDS users and n = 17 dual cigarette/ENDS users completed a cross-price purchase task with cigarettes available at a fixed price while prices of own-brand ENDS increased. We estimated cross-price elasticity using linear models to examine substitutability. We defined five additional outcomes: nonzero cross-price intensity (purchasing cigarettes if ENDS were free), constant null demand (not purchasing cigarettes at any ENDS price), cross-product crossover point (first price where participants purchased more cigarettes than ENDS), dual-demand score (percentage of prices where both products were purchased), and dual-use break point (minimum relative price to force complete substitution). The cross-price elasticity results indicated that cigarettes could serve as substitutes for ENDS among ENDS users on average, but this average effect masked substantial heterogeneity in profiles of demand (here, a measure of the drug's reinforcement potential). Policies and regulations that increase ENDS prices appear unlikely to steer most exclusive ENDS users toward cigarette use, as most would not purchase cigarettes at any ENDS price, but they could prompt some dual users to substitute cigarettes completely while others remain dual users. This heterogeneity in consumer responses suggests additional indices of cross-product demand are useful to characterize the anticipated and unanticipated effects of tobacco price policies more fully.

扩展交叉价格弹性:从交叉价格采购任务理解烟草产品需求与替代。
我们研究了香烟是否可以作为电子尼古丁传递系统(ENDS)在终端用户中的替代品,并展示了从交叉价格购买任务中获得的数据的方法扩展,以告知政策和干预措施。在一项临床实验室研究中,n = 19名独家ENDS用户和n = 17名双烟/ENDS用户完成了一项交叉价格购买任务,其中香烟以固定价格出售,而自有品牌ENDS的价格增加。我们使用线性模型估计交叉价格弹性来检验可替代性。我们定义了五个额外的结果:非零交叉价格强度(如果ENDS是免费购买香烟)、恒定零需求(不以任何ENDS价格购买香烟)、跨产品交叉点(参与者购买香烟多于ENDS的第一个价格)、双重需求得分(购买两种产品的价格的百分比)和双重用途断点(强制完全替代的最低相对价格)。交叉价格弹性结果表明,平均而言,香烟可以作为ENDS使用者的替代品,但这种平均效果掩盖了需求概况的实质性异质性(这里是对药物强化潜力的衡量)。提高终端价格的政策和法规似乎不太可能引导大多数终端用户使用卷烟,因为大多数人不会以任何终端价格购买卷烟,但它们可能促使一些双重用户完全替代卷烟,而另一些仍然是双重用户。消费者反应的这种异质性表明,额外的跨产品需求指数有助于更充分地描述烟草价格政策的预期和非预期影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
14.80%
发文量
83
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior is primarily for the original publication of experiments relevant to the behavior of individual organisms.
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