Experimental test of Fluctuation Theorem in a quantum coherent conductor

Abstract

Mesoscopic systems provide us a unique experimental stage to address nonequilibrium quantum statistical physics. Recently we demonstrated that, by measuring the current and the current noise in a mesoscopic conductor, Fluctuation Theorem (FT) can be tested. Here, our experiment as well as theoretical background is discussed. The result qualitatively validates the predictions derived from FT as the first experimental evidence of FT in the nonequilibrium quantum regime.