Neuromuscular control of masticatory muscles in people with intellectual disability, middle-aged adults and older adults

IF 2.1 2区医学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI:10.1111/jir.13089

C. Cruz-Montecinos, J. Valderrama-Mejías, F. M. Martínez-Arnau, J. J. Carrasco, R. Núñez-Cortés, S. Cortés-Amador

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Motor control issues are common for people with intellectual disabilities (PWID), resulting in difficulties with basic activities of daily living, including eating. Mastication, which is crucial for digestion and overall health, is poorly understood in this population. PWID shows frailty similar to older people, highlighting the importance of comparing masticatory motor control with older adults. This study compared the neuromuscular control of the masticatory muscles in middle-aged, PWID and older adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional analytical design was used. During the mastication task of a carrot piece (2 cm in diameter and weighing 0.5 g), surface electromyography was used to record muscle activity patterns from the right and left masseter and temporalis muscles. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess neuromuscular control. A z-score normalisation of the first component's variance from PCA to identify those individuals with altered neuromuscular control. A mixed ANOVA was performed to assess the interaction between principal components, groups and body composition.

Results

Thirty PWIDs (aged 35–55 years), middle-aged adults and 32 older adults were recruited. PWID and older adults showed decreased neuromuscular control of the masticatory muscles compared to middle-aged control adults (P < 0.05). PWID had the highest proportion of individuals with altered neuromuscular control of the masticatory muscle (53%) compared to older adults (19%) and middle-aged adults (0%) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that PWID and older adults have reduced neuromuscular control compared to middle-aged adults. Notably, a significant proportion of the PWID showed altered masticatory muscle control compared to older adults. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits of masticatory muscle training for PWID.

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智障人士、中老年人咀嚼肌的神经肌肉控制。

背景:运动控制问题在智障人士(PWID)中很常见，导致包括进食在内的基本日常生活活动困难。咀嚼对消化和整体健康至关重要，但在这一人群中却知之甚少。PWID表现出与老年人相似的虚弱，强调了将咀嚼运动控制与老年人进行比较的重要性。本研究比较了中年人、PWID和老年人咀嚼肌的神经肌肉控制。方法:采用横断面分析设计。在咀嚼胡萝卜片(直径2 cm，重0.5 g)过程中，采用表面肌电图记录左右咬肌和颞肌的肌肉活动模式。主成分分析(PCA)用于评估神经肌肉控制。对PCA的第一个分量方差进行z-score归一化，以识别那些神经肌肉控制改变的个体。采用混合方差分析来评估主成分、组和体成分之间的相互作用。结果:招募了30名年龄在35-55岁之间的PWIDs，中年人和32名老年人。结论:我们的研究结果表明，与中年人相比，PWID和老年人的咀嚼肌神经肌肉控制功能下降。值得注意的是，与老年人相比，很大比例的PWID患者显示出咀嚼肌控制的改变。需要进一步的研究来探索咀嚼肌训练对PWID的潜在益处。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Multiple-

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

5.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Intellectual Disability Research is devoted exclusively to the scientific study of intellectual disability and publishes papers reporting original observations in this field. The subject matter is broad and includes, but is not restricted to, findings from biological, educational, genetic, medical, psychiatric, psychological and sociological studies, and ethical, philosophical, and legal contributions that increase knowledge on the treatment and prevention of intellectual disability and of associated impairments and disabilities, and/or inform public policy and practice. Expert reviews on themes in which recent research has produced notable advances will be included. Such reviews will normally be by invitation.