现有COVID-19疫苗在减少死亡方面的作用以及应对新出现病毒变体的下一代疫苗和疗法的展望:最新情况。

IF 4.7 4区 医学 0 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Minerva medica Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-09 DOI:10.23736/S0026-4806.23.08509-9
Mohd Wahid, Arshad Jawed, Raju K Mandal, Mohammed Y Areeshi, Nahed A El-Shall, Ranjan K Mohapatra, Hardeep S Tuli, Kuldeep Dhama, Rinaldo Pellicano, Sharmila Fagoonee, Shafiul Haque
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引用次数: 0

摘要

新冠肺炎疫情在全球造成严重破坏,在5.19亿多确诊病例中,有600多万人死亡。它不仅扰乱了人类的健康,而且造成了巨大的经济损失和社会动荡。应对大流行的最紧迫任务是开发有效的疫苗和治疗方法,以减少感染、住院和死亡的发生率。最知名的可能有助于控制这些参数的疫苗是牛津-阿斯利康(AZD1222)、辉瑞- biontech (BNT162b2)、Moderna (mRNA-1273)和强生(Ad26.COV2.S)。AZD1222疫苗在40-59岁年龄组中降低死亡率的有效性为88%,在16-44岁和65-84岁年龄组中达到100%。BNT162b2疫苗在降低COVID-19死亡率方面也表现良好(40-49岁年龄组为95%,16-44岁年龄组为100%)。同样,mRNA-1273疫苗显示出降低COVID-19死亡率的潜力,根据接种者的年龄组,有效性从80.3%到100%不等。Ad26.COV2。美国疫苗在降低COVID-19死亡人数方面也100%有效。新出现的SARS-CoV-2变体强调需要加强疫苗剂量,以增强接种疫苗个体的保护性免疫。此外,Molnupiravir、Paxlovid和Evusheld的治疗效果也有助于抵抗COVID-19疾病的传播,并可能对新出现的变体有效。本综述重点介绍了COVID-19疫苗的开发进展、疫苗的保护效果、设计更有效疫苗的进展,并概述了用于对抗COVID-19和新出现的SARS-CoV-2变体(包括最近出现的高度突变的Omicron变体)的强效药物和单克隆抗体的开发进展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Role of available COVID-19 vaccines in reducing deaths and perspective for next generation vaccines and therapies to counter emerging viral variants: an update.

The COVID-19 disease wreaked havoc all over the world causing more than 6 million deaths out of over 519 million confirmed cases. It not only disturbed the human race health-wise but also caused huge economic losses and social disturbances. The utmost urgency to counter pandemic was to develop effective vaccines as well as treatments that could reduce the incidences of infection, hospitalization and deaths. The most known vaccines that could help in managing these parameters are Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZD1222), Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), Moderna (mRNA-1273) and Johnson & Johnson (Ad26.COV2.S). The effectiveness of AZD1222 vaccine in reducing deaths is 88% in the age group 40-59 years, touching 100% in the age group 16-44 years & 65-84 years. BNT162b2 vaccine also did well in reducing deaths due to COVID-19 (95% in the age group 40-49 years and 100% in the age group 16-44 years. Similarly, mRNA-1273 vaccine showed potential in reducing COVID-19 deaths with effectiveness ranging from 80.3 to 100% depending upon age group of the vaccinated individuals. Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was also 100% effective in reducing COVID-19 deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants have emphasized the need of booster vaccine doses to enhance protective immunity in vaccinated individuals. Additionally, therapeutic effectiveness of Molnupiravir, Paxlovid and Evusheld are also providing resistance against the spread of COVID-19 disease as well as may be effective against emerging variants. This review highlights the progress in developing COVID-19 vaccines, their protective efficacies, advances being made to design more efficacious vaccines, and presents an overview on advancements in developing potent drugs and monoclonal antibodies for countering COVID-19 and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 including the most recently emerged and highly mutated Omicron variant.

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来源期刊
Minerva medica
Minerva medica 医学-医学:内科
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
6.40%
发文量
358
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Minerva Medica publishes scientific papers on internal medicine. Manuscripts may be submitted in the form of editorials, original articles, review articles, case reports, special articles, letters to the Editor and guidelines. The journal aims to provide its readers with papers of the highest quality and impact through a process of careful peer review and editorial work. Duties and responsibilities of all the subjects involved in the editorial process are summarized at Publication ethics.
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