Knowledge and belief in the times of COVID-19: A comparative analysis of epistemicity in English newspaper discourse of two stages of the pandemic

This paper sets forth a quantitative analysis of expressions of epistemicity, a category covering the expression of commitment to the information transmitted and comprising epistemic modality and evidentiality, in a corpus of 400 newspaper articles from The Guardian concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. 200 articles were written in April 2020; the other 200 were written between January and April 2022, after massive vaccination and an extraordinary increase in medical knowledge. The analysis distinguishes between a number of subtypes of epistemic expressions and three kinds of authorial voice. The results show that the April 2020 articles contain more epistemic expressions, of both weak commitment (might, perhaps, apparently…) and strong commitment (know, clearly, surely…), which suggests a greater need to distinguish the known from the unknown in this period, due to the pervasive state of uncertainty. The analysis has social implications, since it gives readers an opportunity to appreciate the careful assessments of epistemicity found in the corpus and therefore to consider the convenience of obtaining information from quality media. These social implications, together with the methodology of the analysis, contribute to the potential of the paper for pedagogical applications.