Fazlurrahman Khan, Priyanka Singh, Abhayraj S Joshi, Nazia Tabassum, Geum-Jae Jeong, Nilushi Indika Bamunuarachchi, Ivan Mijakovic, Young-Mog Kim
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Multiple potential strategies for the application of nisin and derivatives.
Nisin is a naturally occurring bioactive small peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and belongs to the Type A (I) lantibiotics. Due to its potent antimicrobial activity, it has been broadly employed to preserve various food materials as well as to combat a variety of microbial pathogens. The present review discusses the antimicrobial properties of nisin and different types of their derivatives employed to treat microbial pathogens with a detailed underlying mechanism of action. Several alternative strategies such as combination, conjugation, and nanoformulations have been discussed in order to address several issues such as rapid degradation, instability, and reduced activity due to the various environmental factors that arise in the applications of nisin. Furthermore, the evolutionary relationship of many nisin genes from different nisin-producing bacterial species has been investigated. A detailed description of the natural and bioengineered nisin variants, as well as the underlying action mechanisms, has also been provided. The chemistry used to apply nisin in conjugation with natural or synthetic compounds as a synergetic mode of antimicrobial action has also been thoroughly discussed. The current review will be useful in learning about recent and past research that has been performed on nisin and its derivatives as antimicrobial agents.
期刊介绍:
Critical Reviews in Microbiology is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes comprehensive reviews covering all areas of microbiology relevant to humans and animals, including medical and veterinary microbiology, public health and environmental microbiology. These may include subjects related to microbial molecular biology, immunopathogenicity, physiology, biochemistry, structure, and epidemiology. Of particular interest are reviews covering clinical aspects of bacterial, virological, fungal and parasitic diseases. All reviews must be analytical, comprehensive, and balanced in nature. Editors welcome uninvited submissions, as well as suggested topics for reviews accompanied by an abstract.