次要任务参与驱动了长时记忆中的麦凯布效应。

IF 2.2 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-08 DOI:10.3758/s13421-023-01450-2
Kelly Cotton, Joshua Sandry, Timothy J Ricker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

信息在工作记忆中进行处理时,对信息的长期保持至关重要。一个与直觉相反的发现是,复杂跨度任务中所需的并行处理通常会损害即时记忆,同时也会改善延迟记忆。造成这种效果的一种机制是,每次记忆项目被移位时,都会进行检索练习,以便在完成复杂跨度任务时进行并行处理。而其他研究则认为,复杂跨度任务中自由时间的增加是产生这种效应的原因。在本研究中,我们向参与者展示了简单、复杂和慢速跨度任务中的记忆项目,并比较了他们在即时和延迟记忆测试中的表现。我们发现,受试者参与复杂跨度任务次要任务的程度与他们在延迟记忆表现中表现出的复杂跨度提升的程度是一致的。我们还探究了受试者在任务过程中的思考内容,发现受试者的关注点因任务类型和次要任务参与度而异。研究结果表明,重复检索是工作记忆处理与长期保持之间关系的关键机制。此外,本研究还强调了个体认知加工过程的变化在预测长期结果方面的重要性,即使客观条件保持不变。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Secondary task engagement drives the McCabe effect in long-term memory.

Secondary task engagement drives the McCabe effect in long-term memory.

Processing that occurs while information is held in working memory is critical in long-term retention of that information. One counterintuitive finding is that the concurrent processing required during complex span tasks typically impairs immediate memory, while also leading to improved delayed memory. One proposed mechanism for this effect is retrieval practice that occurs each time memory items are displaced to allow for concurrent processing during complex span tasks. Other research has instead suggested that increased free time during complex span procedures underlies this effect. In the present study, we presented participants with memory items in simple, complex, and slow span tasks and compared their performance on immediate and delayed memory tests. We found that how much a participant engaged with the secondary task of the complex span task corresponded with how strongly they exhibited a complex span boost on delayed memory performance. We also probed what participants were thinking about during the task, and found that participants' focus varied depending both on task type and secondary task engagement. The results support repeated retrieval as a key mechanism in the relationship between working memory processing and long-term retention. Further, the present study highlights the importance of variation in individual cognitive processing in predicting long-term outcomes even when objective conditions remain unchanged.

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来源期刊
Memory & Cognition
Memory & Cognition PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
8.30%
发文量
112
期刊介绍: Memory & Cognition covers human memory and learning, conceptual processes, psycholinguistics, problem solving, thinking, decision making, and skilled performance, including relevant work in the areas of computer simulation, information processing, mathematical psychology, developmental psychology, and experimental social psychology.
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