选择性记忆重要信息时克服干扰的年龄差异

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q4 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
Experimental Aging Research Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-06 DOI:10.1080/0361073X.2023.2176629
Dillon H Murphy, Alan D Castel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们通过向受试者展示单词列表,并在受试者回忆起这些单词时计分,来研究干扰对年轻人和老年人基于价值的记忆的影响。在实验 1 中,我们创造了一种干扰累积的情境,参与者可以从任何研究过的列表中回忆单词来获得分数。但是,为了提高参与者对抗干扰的积极性,我们告诉参与者,如果他们回忆起以前学习过的单词,这些单词的分值将是原来单词分值的两倍。在实验 2 中,为了考察在没有任何干扰的情况下与年龄有关的差异,参与者在几个学习-测试周期内学习并测试同一组单词。在实验 1 中,由于参与者需要同时回忆刚刚学习过的单词和以前学习过的单词,这就造成了干扰的积累,从而影响了老年人相对于年轻人的选择性。然而,在没有干扰的情况下,老年人并没有出现整体回忆障碍或选择性障碍。因此,与年龄相关的重要信息选择性记忆缺陷似乎主要是由主动干扰和追溯干扰造成的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Age-Related Differences in Overcoming Interference When Selectively Remembering Important Information.

We examined the effects of interference on value-based memory in younger and older adults by presenting participants with lists of words paired with point values counting toward their score if recalled. In Experiment 1, we created a situation where there was a buildup of interference such that participants could recall words from any studied list to earn points. However, to increase participants' motivation to combat interference, we told participants that if they recalled words from previously studied lists, those words would be worth double the original point value of the word. In Experiment 2, to examine age-related differences in the absence of any interference, participants studied and were tested on the same set of words throughout several study-test cycles. The buildup of interference caused by participants needing to recall both just-studied and previously studied words in Experiment 1 impaired selectivity in older adults relative to younger adults and this effect was particularly pronounced when considering the recall of just prior-list words. However, in the absence of interference, there was not an overall recall deficit or any selectivity impairments in older adults. Thus, proactive and retroactive interference seem to be largely responsible for age-related deficits in selective memory for important information.

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来源期刊
Experimental Aging Research
Experimental Aging Research 医学-老年医学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
68
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Experimental Aging Research is a life span developmental and aging journal dealing with research on the aging process from a psychological and psychobiological perspective. It meets the need for a scholarly journal with refereed scientific papers dealing with age differences and age changes at any point in the adult life span. Areas of major focus include experimental psychology, neuropsychology, psychobiology, work research, ergonomics, and behavioral medicine. Original research, book reviews, monographs, and papers covering special topics are published.
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