Genomics in animal breeding from the perspectives of matrices and molecules.

Background: This paper describes genomics from two perspectives that are in use in animal breeding and genetics: a statistical perspective concentrating on models for estimating breeding values, and a sequence perspective concentrating on the function of DNA molecules.

Main body: This paper reviews the development of genomics in animal breeding and speculates on its future from these two perspectives. From the statistical perspective, genomic data are large sets of markers of ancestry; animal breeding makes use of them while remaining agnostic about their function. From the sequence perspective, genomic data are a source of causative variants; what animal breeding needs is to identify and make use of them.

Conclusion: The statistical perspective, in the form of genomic selection, is the more applicable in contemporary breeding. Animal genomics researchers using from the sequence perspective are still working towards this the isolation of causative variants, equipped with new technologies but continuing a decades-long line of research.