Amber M. Hubbard*, Yixin Ren, Dominik Konkolewicz, Alireza Sarvestani, Catalin R. Picu, Gary S. Kedziora, Ajit Roy, Vikas Varshney, Dhriti Nepal*
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Vitrimer Transition Temperature Identification: Coupling Various Thermomechanical Methodologies
Vitrimers hold great promise as adaptive materials capable of shape reconfigurability, welding, and self-healing due to dynamic covalent reactions occurring above the vitrimer transition temperature (Tv). Previous literature reports the Tv as one value influenced mainly by chemistry; however, literature also reports significant inconsistencies when measuring or identifying Tv trends. Herein, we present unique data interpretation methods to analyze stress–relaxation and elongational creep results allowing for excellent agreement between multiple Tv measurement methodologies. We also demonstrate that experimental parameters (e.g., heating rate and applied axial force) and catalyst concentration are crucial in dictating the Tv range. Varying the catalyst concentration or sample heating rate shifts the Tv up to 115 and 43 °C, respectively. Additionally, we present a kinetic model confirming the temperature dependence of the transesterification rate-limiting step, exhibiting excellent agreement with experimental data. Fundamentally understanding the Tv will inform future design of vitrimers toward applications ranging from recyclable actuators to structural adhesives.
期刊介绍:
ACS Applied Polymer Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of engineering, chemistry, physics, and biology relevant to applications of polymers.
The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates fundamental knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, polymer science and chemistry into important polymer applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses relationships among structure, processing, morphology, chemistry, properties, and function as well as work that provide insights into mechanisms critical to the performance of the polymer for applications.