自卑:一种完善的认知行为模式。

IF 2 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-12 DOI:10.1017/S1352465823000048
Katharine A Rimes, Patrick Smith, Livia Bridge
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引用次数: 0

摘要

梅兰妮-芬内尔(Melanie Fennell,1997 年)在《行为与认知心理疗法》上发表了针对自卑的开创性认知方法。本论文借鉴了社会理论以及对具有被社会贬低特征的人进行的研究,提出了一个完善的模型。该模型强调了自尊与他人眼中个人价值的关系。该模型提出,典型的低自尊核心信念与一个人在个人适当性(如有价值或地位)和/或社会联系(如被喜欢、被爱、被接受或被包容)方面的价值有关。在每个价值领域中,关于自我(如 "我是个失败者"、"我不可爱")和他人(如 "别人看不起我"、"别人不关心我")的信念都被认为是重要的。该模型表明,每个人都会监控自己的价值,但在自卑的人身上,会出现与潜在信念相关的认知偏差。在触发情境下,这会导致人们更有可能对自己的价值所感知到的威胁做出负面评价。这种评价会激活潜在的消极信念,导致消极情绪(如情绪低落、焦虑、羞愧、厌恶)和其他维持自卑的反应。过度或无益的反应包括:(a) 矫正行为;(b) 补偿策略;(c) 加强价值监控;(d) 寻求安全的行为;(e) 反刍;(f) 无益的情绪调节反应。这些反应会对日常功能或健康产生不利影响,产生维持对自身价值的消极信念的反作用。本报告举例说明了女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋者的自卑心理。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Low self-esteem: a refined cognitive behavioural model.

Melanie Fennell's (1997) seminal cognitive approach to low self-esteem was published in Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. The current paper proposes a refined model, drawing on social theories, and research with people with socially devalued characteristics. This model emphasises how self-esteem relates to perceptions of one's value in the eyes of others. It is proposed that core beliefs typical of low self-esteem relate to one's value in relation to personal adequacy (e.g. having worth or status) and/or to social connection (e.g. being liked, loved, accepted or included). In each of these value domains, beliefs about both the self (e.g. 'I am a failure', 'I am unlovable') and others (e.g. 'Others look down on me', 'Others don't care about me') are considered important. The model suggests that everyone monitors their value but in people with low self-esteem, cognitive biases associated with underlying beliefs occur. In the context of trigger situations, this results in a greater likelihood of negative appraisals of perceived threat to one's value. Such appraisals activate underlying negative beliefs, resulting in negative mood (e.g. low mood, anxiety, shame, disgust) and other responses that maintain low self-esteem. Responses which can be used excessively or in unhelpful ways include (a) corrective behaviours; (b) compensatory strategies; (c) increased value monitoring; (d) safety-seeking behaviours; (e) rumination; (f) unhelpful mood regulation responses. These responses can adversely impact daily functioning or health, having the counterproductive effect of maintaining negative beliefs about one's value. Examples are provided for low self-esteem in lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.60%
发文量
82
期刊介绍: An international multidisciplinary journal aimed primarily at members of the helping and teaching professions. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy features original research papers, covering both experimental and clinical work, that contribute to the theory, practice and evolution of cognitive and behaviour therapy. The journal aims to reflect and influence the continuing changes in the concepts, methodology, and techniques of behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. A particular feature of the journal is its broad ranging scope - both in terms of topics and types of study covered. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy encompasses most areas of human behaviour and experience, and represents many different research methods, from randomized controlled trials to detailed case studies.
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