Hamid Arazi, Shima Aboutalebi, Behzad Taati, Jason M Cholewa, Darren G Candow
{"title":"短期补充甜菜碱对青年运动员急性高强度阻力运动后肌肉耐力和内分泌功能指标的影响。","authors":"Hamid Arazi, Shima Aboutalebi, Behzad Taati, Jason M Cholewa, Darren G Candow","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2022.2041988","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, plasma lactate, testosterone and cortisol levels, and the testosterone to cortisol (T/C) ratio in response to acute resistance exercise (RE).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a double-blind, crossover study design, 10 handball players (age ± SD = 16 ± 1 yrs) without prior-structured RE experience performed a high-intensity RE session (leg press followed by bench press; 5 sets to volitional fatigue using 80% baseline 1 repetition maximum (1RM)), before and after 14 days of either placebo (maltodextrin) or betaine (2.5 g·d<sup>-1</sup>) supplementation. A 30-day washout period separated each treatment. 48 h prior to testing sessions, participants recorded their food intake and did not perform strenuous exercise. Venous blood was sampled before supplementation, and before and after each RE session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After betaine supplementation, participants performed more repetitions (<i>p</i> < 0.001) during the leg press (Betaine: 35.8 ± 4.3; Placebo: 24.8 ± 3.6, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 2.77) and bench press (Betaine: 36.3 ± 2.6; Placebo: 26.1 ± 3.5, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 3.34). Betaine resulted in lower post-exercise cortisol (Betaine: 7.6 ± 1.7; Placebo: 13 ± 3.4 µg.dL<sup>-1</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.003, generalized eta squared ( <math> <msubsup> <mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> ) = 0.49) and lactate (Betaine: 5.2 ± 0.3; Placebo: 6 ± 0.3 mmol.L<sup>-1</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <math> <msubsup> <mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> = 0.96) and higher total testosterone (Betaine: 15.2 ± 2.2; Placebo: 8.7 ± 1.7 ng.mL<sup>-1</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <math> <msubsup> <mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> = 0.87) and T/C ratio (Betaine: 0.21 ± 0.05; Placebo: 0.07 ± 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001, = 0.82).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two weeks of betaine supplementation improved upper- and lower-body muscle endurance and influenced indices of endocrine function following an acute session of high-intensity RE in adolescent handball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9116406/pdf/","citationCount":"9","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes.\",\"authors\":\"Hamid Arazi, Shima Aboutalebi, Behzad Taati, Jason M Cholewa, Darren G Candow\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/15502783.2022.2041988\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, plasma lactate, testosterone and cortisol levels, and the testosterone to cortisol (T/C) ratio in response to acute resistance exercise (RE).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a double-blind, crossover study design, 10 handball players (age ± SD = 16 ± 1 yrs) without prior-structured RE experience performed a high-intensity RE session (leg press followed by bench press; 5 sets to volitional fatigue using 80% baseline 1 repetition maximum (1RM)), before and after 14 days of either placebo (maltodextrin) or betaine (2.5 g·d<sup>-1</sup>) supplementation. A 30-day washout period separated each treatment. 48 h prior to testing sessions, participants recorded their food intake and did not perform strenuous exercise. Venous blood was sampled before supplementation, and before and after each RE session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After betaine supplementation, participants performed more repetitions (<i>p</i> < 0.001) during the leg press (Betaine: 35.8 ± 4.3; Placebo: 24.8 ± 3.6, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 2.77) and bench press (Betaine: 36.3 ± 2.6; Placebo: 26.1 ± 3.5, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 3.34). Betaine resulted in lower post-exercise cortisol (Betaine: 7.6 ± 1.7; Placebo: 13 ± 3.4 µg.dL<sup>-1</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.003, generalized eta squared ( <math> <msubsup> <mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> ) = 0.49) and lactate (Betaine: 5.2 ± 0.3; Placebo: 6 ± 0.3 mmol.L<sup>-1</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <math> <msubsup> <mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> = 0.96) and higher total testosterone (Betaine: 15.2 ± 2.2; Placebo: 8.7 ± 1.7 ng.mL<sup>-1</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <math> <msubsup> <mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> = 0.87) and T/C ratio (Betaine: 0.21 ± 0.05; Placebo: 0.07 ± 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001, = 0.82).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two weeks of betaine supplementation improved upper- and lower-body muscle endurance and influenced indices of endocrine function following an acute session of high-intensity RE in adolescent handball players.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17400,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition\",\"volume\":\"19 1\",\"pages\":\"1-16\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9116406/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"9\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2041988\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NUTRITION & DIETETICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2041988","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
摘要
目的:研究短期补充甜菜碱对肌肉耐力、血浆乳酸、睾酮和皮质醇水平以及急性阻力运动(RE)时睾酮/皮质醇(T/C)比的影响。方法:采用双盲交叉研究设计,10名手球运动员(年龄±SD = 16±1岁)进行高强度的训练(腿推后卧推;5组意志疲劳,使用80%基线1次重复最大值(1RM)),在安慰剂(麦芽糊精)或甜菜碱(2.5 g·d-1)补充之前和之后14天。每次治疗间隔30天的洗脱期。在测试前48小时,参与者记录了他们的食物摄入量,并且没有进行剧烈运动。在补充前、每次补充前和补充后采集静脉血。结果:补充甜菜碱后,参与者在腿部按压过程中重复次数更多(p < 0.001)(甜菜碱:35.8±4.3;安慰剂:24.8±3.6,Cohen’s d = 2.77)和卧推(甜菜碱:36.3±2.6;安慰剂组:26.1±3.5,Cohen’s d = 3.34)。甜菜碱导致运动后皮质醇降低(甜菜碱:7.6±1.7;安慰剂:13±3.4µg。dL-1, p = 0.003,广义eta平方(η g2) = 0.49)和乳酸(甜菜碱:5.2±0.3;安慰剂:6±0.3 mmol。L-1, p < 0.001, η g2 = 0.96)和较高的总睾酮(甜菜碱:15.2±2.2;安慰剂:8.7±1.7 ng。mL-1, p < 0.001, η g2 = 0.87)和T/C比(甜菜碱:0.21±0.05;安慰剂组:0.07±0.02,p < 0.001, = 0.82)。结论:两周补充甜菜碱可改善青少年手球运动员急性高强度RE后的上半身和下半身肌肉耐力,并影响内分泌功能指标。
Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes.
Objective: This study examined the effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, plasma lactate, testosterone and cortisol levels, and the testosterone to cortisol (T/C) ratio in response to acute resistance exercise (RE).
Method: Using a double-blind, crossover study design, 10 handball players (age ± SD = 16 ± 1 yrs) without prior-structured RE experience performed a high-intensity RE session (leg press followed by bench press; 5 sets to volitional fatigue using 80% baseline 1 repetition maximum (1RM)), before and after 14 days of either placebo (maltodextrin) or betaine (2.5 g·d-1) supplementation. A 30-day washout period separated each treatment. 48 h prior to testing sessions, participants recorded their food intake and did not perform strenuous exercise. Venous blood was sampled before supplementation, and before and after each RE session.
Results: After betaine supplementation, participants performed more repetitions (p < 0.001) during the leg press (Betaine: 35.8 ± 4.3; Placebo: 24.8 ± 3.6, Cohen's d = 2.77) and bench press (Betaine: 36.3 ± 2.6; Placebo: 26.1 ± 3.5, Cohen's d = 3.34). Betaine resulted in lower post-exercise cortisol (Betaine: 7.6 ± 1.7; Placebo: 13 ± 3.4 µg.dL-1, p = 0.003, generalized eta squared ( ) = 0.49) and lactate (Betaine: 5.2 ± 0.3; Placebo: 6 ± 0.3 mmol.L-1, p < 0.001, = 0.96) and higher total testosterone (Betaine: 15.2 ± 2.2; Placebo: 8.7 ± 1.7 ng.mL-1, p < 0.001, = 0.87) and T/C ratio (Betaine: 0.21 ± 0.05; Placebo: 0.07 ± 0.02, p < 0.001, = 0.82).
Conclusions: Two weeks of betaine supplementation improved upper- and lower-body muscle endurance and influenced indices of endocrine function following an acute session of high-intensity RE in adolescent handball players.
期刊介绍:
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (JISSN) focuses on the acute and chronic effects of sports nutrition and supplementation strategies on body composition, physical performance and metabolism. JISSN is aimed at researchers and sport enthusiasts focused on delivering knowledge on exercise and nutrition on health, disease, rehabilitation, training, and performance. The journal provides a platform on which readers can determine nutritional strategies that may enhance exercise and/or training adaptations leading to improved health and performance.