Elizabeth S M Chan, Fatou Gaye, Alissa M Cole, Leah J Singh, Michael J Kofler
{"title":"注意力缺陷多动障碍的中央管理培训：对家庭和学校组织技能的影响。一项随机对照试验。","authors":"Elizabeth S M Chan, Fatou Gaye, Alissa M Cole, Leah J Singh, Michael J Kofler","doi":"10.1037/neu0000918","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the first to examine the benefits of central executive training (CET, which trains the <i>working</i> components of working memory [WM]) for reducing organizational skills difficulties relative to a carefully matched neurocognitive training intervention (inhibitory control training [ICT]).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A carefully phenotyped sample of 73 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-impulsivity disorder (ADHD; ages 8-13, <i>M</i> = 10.15, <i>SD</i> = 1.43; 20 girls; 73% White/Non-Hispanic) participated in a preregistered RCT of CET versus ICT (both 10-week treatments). Parent-rated task planning, organized actions, and memory/materials management data were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 2-4 month follow-up; teacher ratings were obtained at pretreatment and 1-2 month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CET was superior to ICT for improving organizational skills based on teacher report (Treatment × Time interaction: <i>d</i> = 0.61, <i>p</i> = .01, BF₁₀ = 31.61). The CET group also improved significantly based on parent report, but this improvement was equivalent in both groups (main effect of time: <i>d</i> = 0.48, <i>p</i> < .001, BF₁₀ = 3.13 × 10⁷; Treatment × Time interaction: <i>d</i> = 0.29, <i>p</i> = .25, BF₀₁ = 3.73). Post hocs/preregistered planned contrasts indicated that CET produced significant and clinically meaningful (number needed to treat = 3-8) pre/post gains on all three parent (d = 0.50 -0.62) and all three teacher (<i>d</i> = 0.46 -0.95) subscales, with gains that were maintained at 1-2 month (teacher report) and 2-4 month follow-up (parent report) for five of six outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results provide strong initial evidence that CET produces robust and lasting downstream improvements in school-based organizational skills for children with ADHD based on teacher report. These findings are generally consistent with model-driven predictions that ADHD-related organizational problems are secondary outcomes caused, at least in part, by underdeveloped working memory abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615842/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Central executive training for ADHD: Impact on organizational skills at home and school. A randomized controlled trial.\",\"authors\":\"Elizabeth S M Chan, Fatou Gaye, Alissa M Cole, Leah J Singh, Michael J Kofler\",\"doi\":\"10.1037/neu0000918\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the first to examine the benefits of central executive training (CET, which trains the <i>working</i> components of working memory [WM]) for reducing organizational skills difficulties relative to a carefully matched neurocognitive training intervention (inhibitory control training [ICT]).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A carefully phenotyped sample of 73 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-impulsivity disorder (ADHD; ages 8-13, <i>M</i> = 10.15, <i>SD</i> = 1.43; 20 girls; 73% White/Non-Hispanic) participated in a preregistered RCT of CET versus ICT (both 10-week treatments). Parent-rated task planning, organized actions, and memory/materials management data were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 2-4 month follow-up; teacher ratings were obtained at pretreatment and 1-2 month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CET was superior to ICT for improving organizational skills based on teacher report (Treatment × Time interaction: <i>d</i> = 0.61, <i>p</i> = .01, BF₁₀ = 31.61). The CET group also improved significantly based on parent report, but this improvement was equivalent in both groups (main effect of time: <i>d</i> = 0.48, <i>p</i> < .001, BF₁₀ = 3.13 × 10⁷; Treatment × Time interaction: <i>d</i> = 0.29, <i>p</i> = .25, BF₀₁ = 3.73). Post hocs/preregistered planned contrasts indicated that CET produced significant and clinically meaningful (number needed to treat = 3-8) pre/post gains on all three parent (d = 0.50 -0.62) and all three teacher (<i>d</i> = 0.46 -0.95) subscales, with gains that were maintained at 1-2 month (teacher report) and 2-4 month follow-up (parent report) for five of six outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results provide strong initial evidence that CET produces robust and lasting downstream improvements in school-based organizational skills for children with ADHD based on teacher report. These findings are generally consistent with model-driven predictions that ADHD-related organizational problems are secondary outcomes caused, at least in part, by underdeveloped working memory abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19205,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Neuropsychology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615842/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Neuropsychology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000918\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2023/7/13 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Neuropsychology","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000918","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/7/13 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Central executive training for ADHD: Impact on organizational skills at home and school. A randomized controlled trial.
Objective: The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the first to examine the benefits of central executive training (CET, which trains the working components of working memory [WM]) for reducing organizational skills difficulties relative to a carefully matched neurocognitive training intervention (inhibitory control training [ICT]).
Method: A carefully phenotyped sample of 73 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-impulsivity disorder (ADHD; ages 8-13, M = 10.15, SD = 1.43; 20 girls; 73% White/Non-Hispanic) participated in a preregistered RCT of CET versus ICT (both 10-week treatments). Parent-rated task planning, organized actions, and memory/materials management data were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 2-4 month follow-up; teacher ratings were obtained at pretreatment and 1-2 month follow-up.
Results: CET was superior to ICT for improving organizational skills based on teacher report (Treatment × Time interaction: d = 0.61, p = .01, BF₁₀ = 31.61). The CET group also improved significantly based on parent report, but this improvement was equivalent in both groups (main effect of time: d = 0.48, p < .001, BF₁₀ = 3.13 × 10⁷; Treatment × Time interaction: d = 0.29, p = .25, BF₀₁ = 3.73). Post hocs/preregistered planned contrasts indicated that CET produced significant and clinically meaningful (number needed to treat = 3-8) pre/post gains on all three parent (d = 0.50 -0.62) and all three teacher (d = 0.46 -0.95) subscales, with gains that were maintained at 1-2 month (teacher report) and 2-4 month follow-up (parent report) for five of six outcomes.
Conclusions: Results provide strong initial evidence that CET produces robust and lasting downstream improvements in school-based organizational skills for children with ADHD based on teacher report. These findings are generally consistent with model-driven predictions that ADHD-related organizational problems are secondary outcomes caused, at least in part, by underdeveloped working memory abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍：
Neuropsychology publishes original, empirical research; systematic reviews and meta-analyses; and theoretical articles on the relation between brain and human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function.
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