Development of an Anthropomorphic Soft Manipulator with Rigid-Flexible Coupling for Underwater Adaptive Grasping.

Inspired by human hands and wrists, an anthropomorphic soft manipulator (ASM) driven by water hydraulics is proposed for underwater operations and exploration. Compared with traditional rigid manipulator, ASM has highly evolved grasping ability with better flexibility and adaptability, while it has better load capacity, grasping ability, and flexibility in comparison with the pneumatic gripper. ASM wrist is composed of rigid-flexible coupling structure with three bellows and a spindle, which generates continuous wrist pitching. The linear elongate characteristics of bellows and pitching performance of ASM wrist are simulated by finite element modeling (FEM) method and tested experimentally. The mathematical model of bending deformation for the water hydraulic soft gripper (WHSG) is established. The bending deformation and contact force of WHSG are simulated by FEM and measured experimentally. The ASM prototype is fabricated, and the grasping experiments in the air and underwater are conducted. It is confirmed that the developed ASM can switch between standard and expanded grasping position to adopt and grasp objects of different shapes and dimensions. And living animals with rough or smooth surfaces such as turtle and carp can also be caught harmlessly. ASM also exhibits preferable adaptability when the objects are out of grasping range or deviating from the grasping center. This study confirms that the developed ASM has enormous application potentials and broader prospects in the field of underwater operation, underwater fishing, underwater sampling, etc.