Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani, Saeed-Ur -Rahman, Qian Shen, Yi Cui, Wei Liu, Xinjuan Hu, Feifei Zhu, Shuhao Huo
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引用次数: 0
摘要
微藻是生产虾青素的首选物种,因为与化学合成相比,微藻的毒性风险较低。虾青素对健康有多种益处,目前正被用于药物、营养保健品、化妆品和功能性食品。血球藻是虾青素生物合成的模式微藻,但其天然虾青素含量较低。因此,有必要开发改进虾青素生物合成的方法,以满足工业需求,使其商业化具有成本效益。为了提高虾青素的生物合成,人们采用了几种与培养条件有关的策略。然而,转录因子对虾青素的调控机制尚不清楚。本研究首次对有关转录因子的识别、H. pluvialis 基因转化的进展以及使用植物激素提高虾青素生物合成相关基因表达的研究进行了批判性回顾。此外,我们还提出了未来的方法,包括:(i)克隆转录因子并确定其特征;(ii)通过过度表达正调控因子或下调/抑制负调控因子来进行转录工程;(iii)通过基因编辑来丰富或删除转录因子的结合位点;(iv)通过激素调节转录因子。这篇综述提供了有关虾青素生物合成的分子调控和现有研究空白的大量知识。此外,它还为转录因子介导的 H. pluvialis 虾青素生物合成代谢工程提供了基础。
Molecular approaches to enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis; future outlook: engineering of transcription factors in Haematococcus pluvialis.
Microalgae are the preferred species for producing astaxanthin because they pose a low toxicity risk than chemical synthesis. Astaxanthin has multiple health benefits and is being used in: medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. Haematococcus pluvialis is a model microalga for astaxanthin biosynthesis; however, its natural astaxanthin content is low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to improve the biosynthesis of astaxanthin to meet industrial demands, making its commercialization cost-effective. Several strategies related to cultivation conditions are employed to enhance the biosynthesis of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. However, the mechanism of its regulation by transcription factors is unknown. For the first time, this study critically reviewed the studies on identifying transcription factors, progress in H. pluvialis genetic transformation, and use of phytohormones that increase the gene expression related to astaxanthin biosynthesis. In addition, we propose future approaches, including (i) Cloning and characterization of transcription factors, (ii) Transcriptional engineering through overexpression of positive regulators or downregulation/silencing of negative regulators, (iii) Gene editing for enrichment or deletion of transcription factors binding sites, (iv) Hormonal modulation of transcription factors. This review provides considerable knowledge about the molecular regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis and the existing research gap. Besides, it provides the basis for transcription factors mediated metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis.
期刊介绍:
Biotechnological techniques, from fermentation to genetic manipulation, have become increasingly relevant to the food and beverage, fuel production, chemical and pharmaceutical, and waste management industries. Consequently, academic as well as industrial institutions need to keep abreast of the concepts, data, and methodologies evolved by continuing research. This journal provides a forum of critical evaluation of recent and current publications and, periodically, for state-of-the-art reports from various geographic areas around the world. Contributing authors are recognized experts in their fields, and each article is reviewed by an objective expert to ensure accuracy and objectivity of the presentation.