[脂质代谢紊乱患者肠道中短链脂肪酸含量的研究]。

Q2 Medicine
Voprosy pitaniia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-01 DOI:10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-2-18-25
N V Kim, V A Zotov, V A Alekseev, S A Sheveleva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

血脂异常是心血管疾病的一个危险因素,尤其是在年轻时。现代研究表明,肠道中合成的短链脂肪酸(SCFA)与血脂异常的发生密切相关,其范围和比例取决于所摄入的食物基质。特别是,研究发现,膳食纤维等食物成分可通过影响肠道微生物群来影响血脂的降低。因此,膳食纠正可以成为预防和治疗血脂异常的重要步骤,从而有助于降低罹患心血管疾病(CD)的风险。本研究的目的是研究血脂异常患者粪便中主要 SCFAs(醋酸酯、丙酸酯、丁酸酯)的含量,包括考虑作为 SCFAs 前体的膳食中碳水化合物部分(淀粉、单糖和双糖、膳食纤维)的实际营养和消耗情况。材料和方法选取 70 名年龄在 18 至 45 岁之间的血脂异常患者作为粪便捐献者。所有受试者分为两组:有 CD 风险的主要组(风险由 CD 风险量表确定)和已确诊心血管病变(CVP)的对比组。通过气相色谱法测定自然排便后收集的粪便样本中的 SCFAs,并将其立即冷冻至 -70 °C。饮食采用 24 小时食物回忆法进行分析。结果显示乙酸-乙酸:丙酸-丙酸:丁酸-丁酸(60:20:20)的最佳比例在各组中出现的频率均不超过 25%。与此同时,与 M.D. Ardatskaya 等人和 A.A. Kurmangulov 的著作中指出的健康人的水平相比,在有 CD 风险的人群中,SCFA 池中具有心脏保护特性的丁酸比例明显下降,降幅高达 15%(最佳比例为 20%)。而在患有 CVP 的人体内,作为代谢过程(即脂肪生成)调节剂的粪便乙酸盐含量与上述作者的研究中得出的数值相比差别不大。在所有受试者中,粪便中的醋酸盐含量取决于饮食中的碳水化合物成分,主要取决于摄入的碳水化合物总量。膳食纤维摄入量的增加会导致这种 SCFA 的增加。在有 CD 风险的人群中,乙酸盐含量与动脉粥样硬化指数之间存在显著相关性(r=0,695)。而在冠心病患者中,粪便中的乙酸盐含量与饮食中的单糖和双糖含量呈高度负相关(r=-0,934)。结论对于存在血脂异常和心血管疾病风险因素的人,本研究得出的结果证实有必要对饮食进行有针对性的调整,以增加食物底物的比例,这些食物底物是丁酸盐的潜在前体。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[The study of the content of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine of people with lipid metabolism disorders].

Dyslipidemias are a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, especially at a young age. It is known from modern sources that shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) synthesized in the intestine are actively involved in the genesis of dyslipidemia, the spectrum and ratio of which depends on the consumed food substrates. In particular, it has been found that food components such as dietary fiber can affect the lowering of blood lipids by affecting the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, dietary correction can be an important step in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia, and as a result, help reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CD). The aim of the research was to study the content of the main SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) in the feces of people with dyslipidemia, including taking into account the actual nutrition and consumption of the carbohydrate fraction of the diet (starch, mono- and disaccharides, dietary fiber) as precursors of SCFAs. Material and methods. 70 patients aged 18 to 45 years with dyslipidemia were selected as stool donors. All subjects were divided into 2 groups: the main group with the risk of CD (the risk was determined by the risk scale for CD) and the comparison group with established cardiovascular pathology (CVP). SCFAs in stool samples collected after natural defecation and subjected to immediate freezing at -70 °C were determined by gas chromatography. The diet was analyzed by the 24-hour food recall method. Results. The frequency of occurrence of the optimal ratio acetate - acetic acid : propionate - propionic acid : butyrate - butyric acid (60:20:20) in all groups was no more than 25%. At the same time, in persons at risk of CD, in the SCFA pool there was a pronounced decrease in the proportion of butyrate, which is characterized by cardioprotective properties, up to 15% (with an optimal proportion of 20%) compared with the levels for healthy people noted in the works of M.D. Ardatskaya et al. and A.A. Kurmangulov. And in persons with CVP, the levels of fecal acetate, which is a regulator of metabolic processes, namely lipogenesis, differed insignificantly compared with the values obtained in the studies of the above authors. In all examined individuals, the content of acetate in feces depended on the carbohydrate component of the diet, primarily on the total amount of carbohydrates consumed. And increasing the amount of dietary fiber intake contributed to the elevation of this SCFA. In individuals at risk of CD a significant correlation was found between the content of acetate and the atherogenic index (r=0,695). And in persons with CVP, there was a high negative correlation between the level of acetate in the feces and the amount of mono- and disaccharides in the diet (r=-0,934). Conclusion. In individuals with dyslipidemia and CVD risk factors, the results obtained in this study confirm the need for targeted correction of diets in order to increase the proportion of food substrates, which are potential precursors of butyrate.

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Voprosy pitaniia
Voprosy pitaniia Medicine-Medicine (all)
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