表达感激之情的某些方式比其他方式更有益吗?随机对照实验结果

IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY
Annie Regan, Lisa C. Walsh, Sonja Lyubomirsky
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引用次数: 10

摘要

迄今为止,在许多实验中,感恩活动已被证明可以提高幸福感和其他积极成果。目前的研究测试了自我导向的感恩干预措施是否会产生不同的益处,这些干预措施因类型(即社交与非社交)和形式(即长字母与短列表)而异。为此,958名澳大利亚成年人被分配到一周内每天完成的六项活动中的一项,其中包括五项感恩活动,这些活动因类型和形式以及主动控制条件(即跟踪日常活动)而异。回归变化分析表明,总体而言,长形式的写作练习(即散文和信件)比列表带来了更大的主观幸福感和其他积极结果。事实上,那些被要求写社交和非社交感恩清单的人在任何结果上都与对照组没有什么不同。然而,那些写下不受约束的感恩清单的参与者——也就是那些写下他们想要的任何主题的参与者——比对照组报告了更大的感恩感和积极影响。最后,与其他感恩条件相比,给生活中的特定个人写感谢信的参与者不仅表现出更强的感恩、提升和其他积极情绪,而且还表现出更多的感激之情。这项研究表明,与积极的中性活动相比,感恩不仅能“起作用”增进幸福感,而且某些形式的感恩可能比其他形式的更有效。我们希望这些发现能帮助学者和从业者制定、定制、实施和扩大未来基于感恩的干预措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Are Some Ways of Expressing Gratitude More Beneficial Than Others? Results From a Randomized Controlled Experiment

Are Some Ways of Expressing Gratitude More Beneficial Than Others? Results From a Randomized Controlled Experiment

Gratitude activities have been shown to increase well-being and other positive outcomes in numerous experiments to date. The current study tested whether self-directed gratitude interventions that vary by type (i.e., social vs. nonsocial) and format (i.e., long-form letters vs. shorter lists) produce differential benefits. To that end, 958 Australian adults were assigned to one of six activities to complete each day for 1 week, including five gratitude activities that varied by type and format and an active control condition (i.e., keeping track of daily activities). Regressed change analyses revealed that, overall, long-form writing exercises (i.e., essays and letters) resulted in greater subjective well-being and other positive outcomes than lists. Indeed, those who were instructed to write social and nonsocial gratitude lists did not differ from controls on any outcomes. However, participants who wrote unconstrained gratitude lists—that is, those who wrote about any topics they wanted—reported greater feelings of gratitude and positive affect than did controls. Finally, relative to the other gratitude conditions, participants who wrote gratitude letters to particular individuals in their lives not only showed stronger feelings of gratitude, elevation, and other positive emotions but also reported feeling more indebted. This study demonstrates that not only does gratitude “work” to boost well-being relative to an active neutral activity, but that some forms of gratitude may be more effective than others. We hope these findings help scholars and practitioners to develop, tailor, implement, and scale future gratitude-based interventions.

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