Gadamerian护理方法:将哲学与实践相结合。

IF 2.6 3区 医学 Q1 NURSING
Casey Rentmeester, Meghan Liebzeit
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引用次数: 1

摘要

哲学通常被批评为过于抽象和脱离实际领域。在记录哲学如何获得这种声誉之后,作者探索了现象学和解释学的哲学领域,这些领域明确地试图将哲学与日常生活背景融合在一起。近几十年来,现象学和解释学已应用于医疗保健。在护理领域,帕特里夏·本纳(Patricia Benner)的护理理论尤其受到现象学的影响,现象学通过她与导师之一、哲学家休伯特·德雷福斯(Hubert Dreyfus)的关系进行了简要探讨。然后,作者将注意力转向汉斯-乔治·伽达默尔的哲学,试图挖掘与护理实践相关的概念。伽达默尔将人文科学与自然科学并列,并认为两者需要不同的方法:自然科学受知识(episteme)的指导,即普遍知识,人文科学受实践智慧(phronesis)的指导。伽达默尔的哲学对理解如何培养护理中的实践能力特别有帮助,护士依靠自己的临床经验来巧妙地驾驭每一个独特的病人关系。护士必须作为医疗保健领域的权威,但也要对病人的权威持开放态度,在我们这个病人自主的时代,病人最终选择了他们的治疗方案。伽达默尔的哲学可以帮助我们理解为什么实践不仅需要实践,而且需要对实践的反思才能得到适当的培养。作者将此应用于护理领域,展示了实践-临床和通过模拟-和反思-通过日志或对话-对于phronesis的出现是必要的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Gadamerian approach to nursing: Merging philosophy with practice.

Philosophy is commonly criticized for being too abstract and detached from practical spheres. Upon chronicling how philosophy has gained this reputation, the authors explore the philosophical fields of phenomenology and hermeneutics that have explicitly attempted to merge philosophy with everyday life contexts. In recent decades, phenomenology and hermeneutics have been applied to healthcare. In the realm of nursing, Patricia Benner's nursing theory is especially informed by phenomenology, which is briefly explored through her relationship with one of her mentors, the philosopher Hubert Dreyfus. The authors then turn their attention to Hans-Georg Gadamer's philosophy in an attempt to mine concepts relevant to the practice of nursing. Gadamer juxtaposed the human sciences from the natural sciences and thought that both needed different approaches: whereas natural sciences are guided by episteme, that is, universal knowledge, human sciences are guided by phronesis, that is, practical wisdom. Gadamer's philosophy is especially helpful in understanding how to cultivate phronesis in nursing wherein a nurse relies upon one's clinical experience to masterfully navigate each unique patient relationship. Nurses must serve as authorities in the realm of healthcare but also be open to the authority of their patients, who ultimately choose their course of treatment in our contemporary era of patient autonomy. Gadamer's philosophy can help us understand why phronesis requires not only practice but also reflection on that practice to be appropriately cultivated. The authors apply this to the realm of nursing in showing how both practice-clinically and via simulation-and reflection-through journaling or dialogue-are necessary for phronesis to emerge.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
9.10%
发文量
39
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Nursing Philosophy provides a forum for discussion of philosophical issues in nursing. These focus on questions relating to the nature of nursing and to the phenomena of key relevance to it. For example, any understanding of what nursing is presupposes some conception of just what nurses are trying to do when they nurse. But what are the ends of nursing? Are they to promote health, prevent disease, promote well-being, enhance autonomy, relieve suffering, or some combination of these? How are these ends are to be met? What kind of knowledge is needed in order to nurse? Practical, theoretical, aesthetic, moral, political, ''intuitive'' or some other? Papers that explore other aspects of philosophical enquiry and analysis of relevance to nursing (and any other healthcare or social care activity) are also welcome and might include, but not be limited to, critical discussions of the work of nurse theorists who have advanced philosophical claims (e.g., Benner, Benner and Wrubel, Carper, Schrok, Watson, Parse and so on) as well as critical engagement with philosophers (e.g., Heidegger, Husserl, Kuhn, Polanyi, Taylor, MacIntyre and so on) whose work informs health care in general and nursing in particular.
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