Birna Thorisdottir, Erik Kristoffer Arnesen, Linnea Bärebring, Jutta Dierkes, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, Alfons Ramel, Bright I Nwaru, Fredrik Söderlund, Agneta Åkesson
{"title":"成人食用豆类与心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病的风险：系统回顾和荟萃分析。","authors":"Birna Thorisdottir, Erik Kristoffer Arnesen, Linnea Bärebring, Jutta Dierkes, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, Alfons Ramel, Bright I Nwaru, Fredrik Söderlund, Agneta Åkesson","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.9541","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their risk factors among healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to 16 May 2022 for ≥4 weeks long randomized (RCT) and non-randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with follow-up ≥12 months, assessing legume intake (beans/lentils/peas/soybeans, excluding peanuts and legume-products/protein/powder/flour) as the intervention or exposure. Outcomes were CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, T2D and in intervention trials only: changes in blood lipids, glycemic markers, and blood pressure. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated with Cochrane's RoB2, ROBINS-I, and US Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s RoB-NObS. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and expressed as relative risk or weighed mean differences with 95% confidence intervals, heterogeneity quantified as <i>I<sup>2</sup></i>. The evidence was appraised according to World Cancer Research Fund's criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 181 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 47 were included: 31 cohort studies (2,081,432 participants with generally low legume consumption), 14 crossover RCTs (448 participants), one parallel RCT and one non-randomized trial. Meta-analyses of cohort studies were suggestive of null associations for CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. Meta-analyses of RCTs suggested a protective effect on total cholesterol (mean difference -0.22 mmol/L), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (-0.19 mmol/L), fasting glucose (-0.19 mmol/L), and HOMA-IR (-0.30). Heterogeneity was high (<i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 52% for LDL-cholesterol, >75% for others). The overall evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and risk of CVD and T2D was considered <i>limited - no conclusion</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Legume consumption was not found to influence risk of CVD and T2D in healthy adult populations with generally low legume consumption. However, protective effects on risk factors, seen in RCTs, lend some support for recommending legume consumption as part of diverse and healthy dietary patterns for prevention of CVD and T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":12119,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":"67 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243120/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Legume consumption in adults and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Birna Thorisdottir, Erik Kristoffer Arnesen, Linnea Bärebring, Jutta Dierkes, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, Alfons Ramel, Bright I Nwaru, Fredrik Söderlund, Agneta Åkesson\",\"doi\":\"10.29219/fnr.v67.9541\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their risk factors among healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to 16 May 2022 for ≥4 weeks long randomized (RCT) and non-randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with follow-up ≥12 months, assessing legume intake (beans/lentils/peas/soybeans, excluding peanuts and legume-products/protein/powder/flour) as the intervention or exposure. Outcomes were CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, T2D and in intervention trials only: changes in blood lipids, glycemic markers, and blood pressure. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated with Cochrane's RoB2, ROBINS-I, and US Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s RoB-NObS. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and expressed as relative risk or weighed mean differences with 95% confidence intervals, heterogeneity quantified as <i>I<sup>2</sup></i>. The evidence was appraised according to World Cancer Research Fund's criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 181 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 47 were included: 31 cohort studies (2,081,432 participants with generally low legume consumption), 14 crossover RCTs (448 participants), one parallel RCT and one non-randomized trial. Meta-analyses of cohort studies were suggestive of null associations for CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. Meta-analyses of RCTs suggested a protective effect on total cholesterol (mean difference -0.22 mmol/L), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (-0.19 mmol/L), fasting glucose (-0.19 mmol/L), and HOMA-IR (-0.30). Heterogeneity was high (<i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 52% for LDL-cholesterol, >75% for others). The overall evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and risk of CVD and T2D was considered <i>limited - no conclusion</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Legume consumption was not found to influence risk of CVD and T2D in healthy adult populations with generally low legume consumption. 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Legume consumption in adults and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their risk factors among healthy adults.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to 16 May 2022 for ≥4 weeks long randomized (RCT) and non-randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with follow-up ≥12 months, assessing legume intake (beans/lentils/peas/soybeans, excluding peanuts and legume-products/protein/powder/flour) as the intervention or exposure. Outcomes were CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, T2D and in intervention trials only: changes in blood lipids, glycemic markers, and blood pressure. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated with Cochrane's RoB2, ROBINS-I, and US Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s RoB-NObS. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and expressed as relative risk or weighed mean differences with 95% confidence intervals, heterogeneity quantified as I2. The evidence was appraised according to World Cancer Research Fund's criteria.
Results: Of the 181 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 47 were included: 31 cohort studies (2,081,432 participants with generally low legume consumption), 14 crossover RCTs (448 participants), one parallel RCT and one non-randomized trial. Meta-analyses of cohort studies were suggestive of null associations for CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. Meta-analyses of RCTs suggested a protective effect on total cholesterol (mean difference -0.22 mmol/L), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (-0.19 mmol/L), fasting glucose (-0.19 mmol/L), and HOMA-IR (-0.30). Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 52% for LDL-cholesterol, >75% for others). The overall evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and risk of CVD and T2D was considered limited - no conclusion.
Conclusion: Legume consumption was not found to influence risk of CVD and T2D in healthy adult populations with generally low legume consumption. However, protective effects on risk factors, seen in RCTs, lend some support for recommending legume consumption as part of diverse and healthy dietary patterns for prevention of CVD and T2D.
期刊介绍：
Food & Nutrition Research is a peer-reviewed journal that presents the latest scientific research in various fields focusing on human nutrition. The journal publishes both quantitative and qualitative research papers.
Through an Open Access publishing model, Food & Nutrition Research opens an important forum for researchers from academic and private arenas to exchange the latest results from research on human nutrition in a broad sense, both original papers and reviews, including:
* Associations and effects of foods and nutrients on health
* Dietary patterns and health
* Molecular nutrition
* Health claims on foods
* Nutrition and cognitive functions
* Nutritional effects of food composition and processing
* Nutrition in developing countries
* Animal and in vitro models with clear relevance for human nutrition
* Nutrition and the Environment
* Food and Nutrition Education
* Nutrition and Economics
Research papers on food chemistry (focus on chemical composition and analysis of foods) are generally not considered eligible, unless the results have a clear impact on human nutrition.
The journal focuses on the different aspects of nutrition for people involved in nutrition research such as Dentists, Dieticians, Medical doctors, Nutritionists, Teachers, Journalists and Manufacturers in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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