{"title":"拒绝者高估了被拒绝所带来的负面影响。","authors":"Jingyi Lu, Qingwen Fang, Tian Qiu","doi":"10.1037/xap0000457","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People often find it difficult to refuse requests from others partially because they are concern about the negative consequences they will face from saying \"no.\" However, are these concerns well founded? The results from seven studies (<i>N</i> = 2,132) and four supplementary studies (<i>N</i> = 1,470) showed that rejecters overestimated these negative consequences. This overestimation persisted in hypothetical (Studies 1 and 3), real-life (Study 2), and incentivized (Study 4) settings. We also found that this overestimation resulted from a desire to avoid negative consequences. As the cost was sometimes larger for underestimation than for overestimation in refusal, exaggerating the negative outcomes of refusal faced by rejecters may help prepare for or even eliminate them, and eventually satisfy people's desire to avoid negative consequences. If the desire to avoid negative consequences weakened, this overestimation reduced or disappeared (Studies 5-7). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"280-291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Rejecters overestimate the negative consequences they will face from refusal.\",\"authors\":\"Jingyi Lu, Qingwen Fang, Tian Qiu\",\"doi\":\"10.1037/xap0000457\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>People often find it difficult to refuse requests from others partially because they are concern about the negative consequences they will face from saying \\\"no.\\\" However, are these concerns well founded? The results from seven studies (<i>N</i> = 2,132) and four supplementary studies (<i>N</i> = 1,470) showed that rejecters overestimated these negative consequences. This overestimation persisted in hypothetical (Studies 1 and 3), real-life (Study 2), and incentivized (Study 4) settings. We also found that this overestimation resulted from a desire to avoid negative consequences. As the cost was sometimes larger for underestimation than for overestimation in refusal, exaggerating the negative outcomes of refusal faced by rejecters may help prepare for or even eliminate them, and eventually satisfy people's desire to avoid negative consequences. If the desire to avoid negative consequences weakened, this overestimation reduced or disappeared (Studies 5-7). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48003,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied\",\"volume\":\"29 2\",\"pages\":\"280-291\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000457\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000457","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
Rejecters overestimate the negative consequences they will face from refusal.
People often find it difficult to refuse requests from others partially because they are concern about the negative consequences they will face from saying "no." However, are these concerns well founded? The results from seven studies (N = 2,132) and four supplementary studies (N = 1,470) showed that rejecters overestimated these negative consequences. This overestimation persisted in hypothetical (Studies 1 and 3), real-life (Study 2), and incentivized (Study 4) settings. We also found that this overestimation resulted from a desire to avoid negative consequences. As the cost was sometimes larger for underestimation than for overestimation in refusal, exaggerating the negative outcomes of refusal faced by rejecters may help prepare for or even eliminate them, and eventually satisfy people's desire to avoid negative consequences. If the desire to avoid negative consequences weakened, this overestimation reduced or disappeared (Studies 5-7). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍：
The mission of the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied® is to publish original empirical investigations in experimental psychology that bridge practically oriented problems and psychological theory. The journal also publishes research aimed at developing and testing of models of cognitive processing or behavior in applied situations, including laboratory and field settings. Occasionally, review articles are considered for publication if they contribute significantly to important topics within applied experimental psychology. Areas of interest include applications of perception, attention, memory, decision making, reasoning, information processing, problem solving, learning, and skill acquisition.
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