利什曼病疫苗:现状与未来前景。

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY
Korean Journal of Parasitology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-22 DOI:10.3347/kjp.2022.60.6.379
Rasit Dinc
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引用次数: 0

摘要

利什曼病是一种严重的寄生虫病,由利什曼原虫引起,通过沙蝇叮咬传播。这种疾病是全球关注的主要公共卫生问题。它有三种不同的临床形式:皮肤利什曼病(CL)、粘膜利什曼病(MCL)和内脏利什曼病(VL),分别由不同的利什曼属引起。 目前,尚无治疗人类利什曼病的许可疫苗。该疾病的治疗和预防主要依靠化疗药物,但这些药物毒性很强,而且抗药性问题日益严重。目前亟需开发一种安全、有效且经济实惠的疫苗,用于治疗所有形式的病媒传播疾病,以阻断寄生虫在宿主和病媒之间的传播。利什曼病发病机制中的免疫机制十分复杂。IL-12 驱动的 Th1 型免疫反应在宿主保护中起着至关重要的作用。接种疫苗的基本目的是建立保护性免疫反应。迄今为止,已利用活/减毒/杀死的寄生虫、分化寄生虫、亚单位、重组或 DNA 技术、给药系统和嵌合肽进行了大量疫苗研究。这些研究大多仅限于动物。此外,由于利什曼病菌的毒力动态和佐剂的可行性存在差异,这些研究尚未实现标准化。要想开发出安全有效的疫苗,还需要进行更多的研究,这是预防利什曼原虫感染最有希望的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Leishmania Vaccines: the Current Situation with Its Promising Aspect for the Future.

Leishmaniasis is a serious parasitic disease caused by Leishmania spp. transmitted through sandfly bites. This disease is a major public health concern worldwide. It can occur in 3 different clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral Leishmaniasis (CL, MCL, and VL, respectively), caused by different Leishmania spp. Currently, licensed vaccines are unavailable for the treatment of human Leishmaniasis. The treatment and prevention of this disease rely mainly on chemotherapeutics, which are highly toxic and have an increasing resistance problem. The development of a safe, effective, and affordable vaccine for all forms of vector-borne disease is urgently needed to block transmission of the parasite between the host and vector. Immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis are complex. IL-12-driven Th1-type immune response plays a crucial role in host protection. The essential purpose of vaccination is to establish a protective immune response. To date, numerous vaccine studies have been conducted using live/attenuated/killed parasites, fractionated parasites, subunits, recombinant or DNA technology, delivery systems, and chimeric peptides. Most of these studies were limited to animals. In addition, standardization has not been achieved in these studies due to the differences in the virulence dynamics of the Leishmania spp. and the feasibility of the adjuvants. More studies are needed to develop a safe and effective vaccine, which is the most promising approach against Leishmania infection.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
48
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Korean Journal of Parasitology is the official journal paperless, on-line publication after Vol. 53, 2015 of The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine. Abbreviated title is ‘Korean J Parasitol’. It was launched in 1963. It contains original articles, case reports, brief communications, reviews or mini-reviews, book reviews, and letters to the editor on parasites of humans and animals, vectors, host-parasite relationships, zoonoses, and tropical medicine. It is published bimonthly in February, April, June, August, October, and December each year. Supplement numbers are at times published. All of the manuscripts are peer-reviewed.
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