Clinical characteristics and risk factors related to polyposis recurrence and advanced neoplasm development among patients with non-hereditary colorectal polyposis.

Background/aims: Patients with more than 10 cumulative polyps might involve a greater genetic risk of colorectal neoplasia development. However, few studies have investigated the risk factors of polyposis recurrence and development of advanced neoplasms among patients with non-hereditary colorectal polyposis.

Methods: This study included patients (n=855) with 10 or more cumulative polyps diagnosed at Severance Hospital from January 2012 to September 2021. Patients with known genetic mutations related to polyposis, known hereditary polyposis syndromes, insufficient information, total colectomy, and less than 3 years of follow-up were excluded. Finally, 169 patients were included for analysis. We collected clinical data, including colonoscopy surveillance results, and performed Cox regression analyses of risk factors for polyposis recurrence and advanced neoplasm development.

Results: The 169 patients were predominantly male (84.02%), with a mean age of 64.19±9.92 years. The mean number of adenomas on index colonoscopy was 15.33±8.47. Multivariable analysis revealed history of cancer except colon cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-4.01), current smoking (HR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.17-4.87), and detection of many polyps (≥15) on index colonoscopy (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.21-3.50) were significant risk factors for recurrence of polyposis. We found no statistically significant risk factors for advanced neoplasm development during surveillance among our cohort.

Conclusions: The presence of many polyps (≥15) on index colonoscopy, history of cancer except colon cancer, and current smoking state were significant risk factors for polyposis recurrence among patients with non-hereditary colorectal polyposis.