根据美国环境保护局指南，评估慢性沉积物生态毒性研究期间阴性对照和溶剂对照中试验生物的功能等效性。

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI:10.1002/etc.5576

Theodore Valenti, Kent Kabler, David Dreier, Kevin Henry, Alan Jones, Matt McCoole, Mark Cafarella, Jennifer Collins, Michael Bradley, Alan Samel, Manoit Basu

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引用次数: 0

摘要

美国环境保护局（USEPA）将沉积物毒性测试视为土壤 Kd ≥50 升/千克-固体、Koc ≥1000 升/千克-有机碳或辛醇/水分配系数对数≥3 的农药的有条件登记要求。由于这些化合物的疏水性，通常需要使用溶剂来确保加标沉积物研究中剂量的准确性和均匀性。在沉积物测试中，通常使用挥发性溶剂（如丙酮）作为瞬时载体。由于测试材料的水溶性较低，因此要将其溶解在挥发性溶剂中，制成储备溶液。然后将定量的等分储备溶液与砂基质混合，然后蒸发溶剂。这种加标过程可使生物接触到的溶剂微乎其微。2016 年，美国环保局发布了亚慢性淡水（850.1735）和海洋（850.1740）沉积物测试的最终生态毒性测试指南。这些方法为只进行溶剂对照而不进行阴性对照的实验提供了一种选择。要采用这种测试策略，必须证明阴性对照和溶剂对照之间的功能等同。这些测试指南描述了评估功能等效性时应考虑的具体因素，包括 (a) 蒸发后测试沉积物中的溶剂浓度，(b) 已知会影响生物健康的溶剂水平，(c) 溶剂中的已知杂质及其对生物健康的潜在影响，以及 (d) 溶剂对照与阴性对照的生物历史表现。我们的分析考虑了这些因素，总体上支持取消阴性对照要求，因为这一变化不太可能影响加标沉积物毒性测试的稳健性或可解释性。环境毒物化学 2024；43：1740-1746。© 2023 CropLife America.环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。

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Evaluating the Functional Equivalency of Test Organism Performance in Negative and Solvent Controls During Chronic Sediment Ecotoxicity Studies Based on US Environmental Protection Agency Guidance

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Evaluating the Functional Equivalency of Test Organism Performance in Negative and Solvent Controls During Chronic Sediment Ecotoxicity Studies Based on US Environmental Protection Agency Guidance

The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) considers sediment toxicity tests as conditional registration requirements for pesticides with soil Kd ≥50 L/kg-solid, Koc ≥1000 L/kg-organic carbon, or log Kow ≥3. The hydrophobicity of these compounds often necessitates use of solvents to ensure accurate and homogeneous dosing of spiked-sediment studies. For sediment tests, a volatile solvent (e.g., acetone) is generally used as a transient carrier. Due to low water solubility, test material is dissolved in a volatile solvent to create stock solutions. A measured aliquot of stock solution is then mixed with sand substrate, after which the solvent is evaporated. This spiking process results in negligible solvent exposure to organisms. In 2016, USEPA released final ecotoxicity test guidelines for subchronic freshwater (850.1735) and marine (850.1740) sediment test. These methods provide an option for conducting experiments with only a solvent control and no negative control. To adopt this testing strategy, functional equivalency between the negative and solvent control must be demonstrated. These test guidelines describe specific factors that should be considered for evaluating functional equivalency, including (a) the concentration of solvent in the test sediment after evaporation, (b) the levels of solvent that are known to affect organism health, (c) the known impurities in the solvent and their potential impact on organism health, and (d) the historical organism performance of solvent versus negative controls. Our analysis considers these factors and overall supports the elimination of the negative control requirement because this change is unlikely to impact the robustness or interpretability of spiked-sediment toxicity tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1740–1746. © 2023 CropLife America. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.