Henrique Alencar Meira da Silva, Daniele Kasper, Bruce G Marshall, Marcello M Veiga, Jean Remy Davée Guimaraes
{"title":"汞(CN)2在斑马鱼体内的急性生态毒理学效应。","authors":"Henrique Alencar Meira da Silva, Daniele Kasper, Bruce G Marshall, Marcello M Veiga, Jean Remy Davée Guimaraes","doi":"10.1007/s10646-023-02651-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest source of anthropogenic Hg emissions on the planet. In addition, Hg-contaminated tailings are often reprocessed with sodium cyanide (NaCN) to extract the residual gold remaining in the material. This leads to the formation of mercury cyanide (Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>) complexes, which are often discharged in untreated form into local drainages, leading to large amounts of free cyanide being released. However, data on mercury-cyanide interactions are scarce. In this study, we investigated the impact of cyanide and Hg bioavailability in zebrafish when added as Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>. Different concentrations of Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> and NaCN were used, leading to an LC<sub>50</sub> of 0.53 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> for NaCN and 0.16 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> for Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>. Analyzing free cyanide concentrations in aquarium water, >40% dissociation was observed for NaCN and about 5% for Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>. The accumulation of total Hg (THg) in the brain, gills, muscle and kidney was quantified. All fish exposed to Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> had higher THg levels than their controls and kidney was the tissue with higher Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> accumulation. Histological effects on the kidney and gills of both cyanides in D. rerio tissues were investigated, suggesting renal alterations in fish exposed to Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> and showing hyperplasia in the gills of animals exposed to NaCN and Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>. The results alert to the risks of the presence of these complexes in aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"32 4","pages":"429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Acute ecotoxicological effects of Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> in Danio rerio (zebrafish).\",\"authors\":\"Henrique Alencar Meira da Silva, Daniele Kasper, Bruce G Marshall, Marcello M Veiga, Jean Remy Davée Guimaraes\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10646-023-02651-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest source of anthropogenic Hg emissions on the planet. In addition, Hg-contaminated tailings are often reprocessed with sodium cyanide (NaCN) to extract the residual gold remaining in the material. This leads to the formation of mercury cyanide (Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>) complexes, which are often discharged in untreated form into local drainages, leading to large amounts of free cyanide being released. However, data on mercury-cyanide interactions are scarce. In this study, we investigated the impact of cyanide and Hg bioavailability in zebrafish when added as Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>. Different concentrations of Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> and NaCN were used, leading to an LC<sub>50</sub> of 0.53 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> for NaCN and 0.16 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> for Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>. Analyzing free cyanide concentrations in aquarium water, >40% dissociation was observed for NaCN and about 5% for Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>. The accumulation of total Hg (THg) in the brain, gills, muscle and kidney was quantified. All fish exposed to Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> had higher THg levels than their controls and kidney was the tissue with higher Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> accumulation. Histological effects on the kidney and gills of both cyanides in D. rerio tissues were investigated, suggesting renal alterations in fish exposed to Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> and showing hyperplasia in the gills of animals exposed to NaCN and Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub>. 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Acute ecotoxicological effects of Hg(CN)2 in Danio rerio (zebrafish).
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest source of anthropogenic Hg emissions on the planet. In addition, Hg-contaminated tailings are often reprocessed with sodium cyanide (NaCN) to extract the residual gold remaining in the material. This leads to the formation of mercury cyanide (Hg(CN)2) complexes, which are often discharged in untreated form into local drainages, leading to large amounts of free cyanide being released. However, data on mercury-cyanide interactions are scarce. In this study, we investigated the impact of cyanide and Hg bioavailability in zebrafish when added as Hg(CN)2. Different concentrations of Hg(CN)2 and NaCN were used, leading to an LC50 of 0.53 mg.L-1 for NaCN and 0.16 mg.L-1 for Hg(CN)2. Analyzing free cyanide concentrations in aquarium water, >40% dissociation was observed for NaCN and about 5% for Hg(CN)2. The accumulation of total Hg (THg) in the brain, gills, muscle and kidney was quantified. All fish exposed to Hg(CN)2 had higher THg levels than their controls and kidney was the tissue with higher Hg(CN)2 accumulation. Histological effects on the kidney and gills of both cyanides in D. rerio tissues were investigated, suggesting renal alterations in fish exposed to Hg(CN)2 and showing hyperplasia in the gills of animals exposed to NaCN and Hg(CN)2. The results alert to the risks of the presence of these complexes in aquatic environments.
期刊介绍：
Ecotoxicology is an international journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research on the effects of toxic chemicals on populations, communities and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. It aims to elucidate mechanisms and processes whereby chemicals exert their effects on ecosystems and the impact caused at the population or community level. The journal is not biased with respect to taxon or biome, and papers that indicate possible new approaches to regulation and control of toxic chemicals and those aiding in formulating ways of conserving threatened species are particularly welcome. Studies on individuals should demonstrate linkage to population effects in clear and quantitative ways. Laboratory studies must show a clear linkage to specific field situations. The journal includes not only original research papers but technical notes and review articles, both invited and submitted. A strong, broadly based editorial board ensures as wide an international coverage as possible.
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