Ana Viejo Casas , Marcos Gómez-Revuelta , Urko Merino Garay , Francisco Ruiz Guerrero , Mario Ruiz Núñez , Patricia Fernández Solla , Roberto Garrastazu López , Juan Carlos López Caro , Elsa García Rumayor , Laura Boada Antón , María Juncal Ruiz , Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz , Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
{"title":"COVID-19对西班牙北部初级保健卫生工作者的长期心理健康影响:一项两期纵向研究的结果","authors":"Ana Viejo Casas , Marcos Gómez-Revuelta , Urko Merino Garay , Francisco Ruiz Guerrero , Mario Ruiz Núñez , Patricia Fernández Solla , Roberto Garrastazu López , Juan Carlos López Caro , Elsa García Rumayor , Laura Boada Antón , María Juncal Ruiz , Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz , Javier Vázquez-Bourgon","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of the general population, and in particular of health professionals. Primary care personnel are at greater risk due to being highly exposed to the disease and working regularly in direct contact with patients suffering COVID-19. However, there is not sufficient evidence on the long-term psychological impact these professionals may suffer. We aimed to explore the long-term psychological impact of COVID-19 on primary care professionals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We applied a two-phase design; a self-reported psychopathology screening (PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI and IES-R) in phase-1, and a specialised psychiatric evaluation (MINI, HDRS and STAI) in phase-2 to confirm phase-1 results. Evaluations were carried at the beginning of the pandemic (May–June 2020) (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->410) and one year later (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->339). Chi-square, ANOVA and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Primary care professionals presented high rates of depression, anxiety and psychological distress, measured by PHQ-9, GAD-7 and IES-R respectively, during the pandemic. Depressive symptoms’ severity (PHQ-9: 7.5 vs 8.4, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.013) increased after one year of COVID-19 pandemic. After one year nearly 40% of subjects presented depression. Being women, having suffered COVID-19 or a relative with COVID-19, and being a front-line professional were risk factors for presenting depression and anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Primary Care professionals in Cantabria present a poor mental health during COVID-19 pandemic, which has even worsened at long-term, presenting a greater psychopathology severity one year after. Thus, it is critical implementing prevention and early-treatment programmes to help these essential professionals to cope with the pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9827670/pdf/","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Long-term mental health impact of COVID-19 on primary care health workers in northern Spain: Results from a two-phase longitudinal study\",\"authors\":\"Ana Viejo Casas , Marcos Gómez-Revuelta , Urko Merino Garay , Francisco Ruiz Guerrero , Mario Ruiz Núñez , Patricia Fernández Solla , Roberto Garrastazu López , Juan Carlos López Caro , Elsa García Rumayor , Laura Boada Antón , María Juncal Ruiz , Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz , Javier Vázquez-Bourgon\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.12.002\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of the general population, and in particular of health professionals. Primary care personnel are at greater risk due to being highly exposed to the disease and working regularly in direct contact with patients suffering COVID-19. However, there is not sufficient evidence on the long-term psychological impact these professionals may suffer. We aimed to explore the long-term psychological impact of COVID-19 on primary care professionals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We applied a two-phase design; a self-reported psychopathology screening (PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI and IES-R) in phase-1, and a specialised psychiatric evaluation (MINI, HDRS and STAI) in phase-2 to confirm phase-1 results. Evaluations were carried at the beginning of the pandemic (May–June 2020) (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->410) and one year later (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->339). Chi-square, ANOVA and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Primary care professionals presented high rates of depression, anxiety and psychological distress, measured by PHQ-9, GAD-7 and IES-R respectively, during the pandemic. Depressive symptoms’ severity (PHQ-9: 7.5 vs 8.4, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.013) increased after one year of COVID-19 pandemic. After one year nearly 40% of subjects presented depression. Being women, having suffered COVID-19 or a relative with COVID-19, and being a front-line professional were risk factors for presenting depression and anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Primary Care professionals in Cantabria present a poor mental health during COVID-19 pandemic, which has even worsened at long-term, presenting a greater psychopathology severity one year after. 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引用次数: 2
摘要
背景新冠肺炎疫情影响了普通人群的心理健康，尤其是卫生专业人员的心理健康。初级保健人员面临更大的风险，因为他们高度接触这种疾病，并定期与新冠肺炎患者直接接触。然而，没有足够的证据表明这些专业人员可能会遭受长期的心理影响。我们旨在探讨新冠肺炎对初级保健专业人员的长期心理影响。方法采用两阶段设计；在第一阶段进行自我报告的精神病理学筛查（PHQ-9、GAD-7、ISI和IES-R），在第二阶段进行专门的精神病学评估（MINI、HDRS和STAI），以确认第一阶段的结果。在大流行开始时（2020年5月至6月）（n=410）和一年后（n=339）进行了评估。采用卡方检验、方差分析和逻辑回归检验进行统计分析。结果在疫情期间，初级保健专业人员的抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰发生率较高，PHQ-9、GAD-7和IES-R分别测定。新冠肺炎大流行一年后，抑郁症状的严重程度（PHQ-9:7.5 vs 8.4，p=0.013）增加。一年后，近40%的受试者出现抑郁症。女性、患有新冠肺炎或患有新冠肺炎的亲属以及一线专业人员是出现抑郁和焦虑的危险因素。结论新冠肺炎大流行期间，坎塔布里亚初级保健专业人员的心理健康状况较差，长期来看甚至恶化，一年后表现出更严重的精神病理学。因此，至关重要的是实施预防和早期治疗方案，以帮助这些重要的专业人员应对疫情。
Long-term mental health impact of COVID-19 on primary care health workers in northern Spain: Results from a two-phase longitudinal study
Background
COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of the general population, and in particular of health professionals. Primary care personnel are at greater risk due to being highly exposed to the disease and working regularly in direct contact with patients suffering COVID-19. However, there is not sufficient evidence on the long-term psychological impact these professionals may suffer. We aimed to explore the long-term psychological impact of COVID-19 on primary care professionals.
Methods
We applied a two-phase design; a self-reported psychopathology screening (PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI and IES-R) in phase-1, and a specialised psychiatric evaluation (MINI, HDRS and STAI) in phase-2 to confirm phase-1 results. Evaluations were carried at the beginning of the pandemic (May–June 2020) (n = 410) and one year later (n = 339). Chi-square, ANOVA and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analyses.
Results
Primary care professionals presented high rates of depression, anxiety and psychological distress, measured by PHQ-9, GAD-7 and IES-R respectively, during the pandemic. Depressive symptoms’ severity (PHQ-9: 7.5 vs 8.4, p = 0.013) increased after one year of COVID-19 pandemic. After one year nearly 40% of subjects presented depression. Being women, having suffered COVID-19 or a relative with COVID-19, and being a front-line professional were risk factors for presenting depression and anxiety.
Conclusion
Primary Care professionals in Cantabria present a poor mental health during COVID-19 pandemic, which has even worsened at long-term, presenting a greater psychopathology severity one year after. Thus, it is critical implementing prevention and early-treatment programmes to help these essential professionals to cope with the pandemic.
期刊介绍：
The Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health (SJPMH), incorporated into ISSN 1888-9891, is the official scientific publication of the Spanish Society of Psychiatry and Mental Health. The journal focuses on studying mental illnesses, their pathological processes, and their psychosocial consequences, and aims to disseminate scientific advances in all areas related to mental health and illness. SJPMH accepts unpublished works on psychiatry and mental health, including their medical and social implications. The journal provides space for research in the biological, clinical, and psychosocial fields. Manuscripts undergo peer-review by external reviewers before being accepted for publication. SJPMH is indexed in Index Medicus/Medline, IBECS, Social Sciences Citation Index Journal Citation Reports/Social Sciences Edition, and Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences.
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