Preliminary study on the significance of pathological characteristics analysis of breast cancer and detection of peripheral blood myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the evaluation of biological characteristics.

To explore the significance of the analysis of pathological characteristics of breast cancer and the detection of myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) levels in peripheral blood for the evaluation of biological characteristics. 138 breast cancer patients were enrolled as the research group, while 138 patients with benign breast diseases were included as the control group. All patients underwent pathological analysis and detection of peripheral blood MDSCs levels, progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67). A factorial study of stage I, II, and III breast cancer patients showed significant differences in clinicopathological characteristics, including age, tumor size, lymph node metastases, histological grading, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score, pathological type, and family history (P < 0.05). The research group had higher levels of peripheral blood MDSCs and different cell surface markers compared to the control group (P<0.05). Positive expression of biological molecules in breast cancer, such as PR, ER, HER-2, and Ki-67, had significant differences based on lymph node metastasis and tumor size (P < 0.05). The quality of survival scores was higher in stages I and II compared to stage III (P < 0.05). Age, recurrence, metastasis, and other pathological characteristics of breast cancer have a direct impact on clinical outcomes and survival rates. Peripheral blood levels of MDSCs and other cell surface markers are significantly elevated, serving as a crucial benchmark for the subsequent evaluation of breast cancer progression.