Australian Defence Force Global Health Engagement through malaria and other vectorborne disease programmes in the Pacific and Southeast Asia.

Global Health Engagement is one method employed by the Australian Defence Force (ADF) in pursuit of its objectives to shape Australia's strategic environment and to deter actions against Australia's interests. Two recent examples of such engagements are malaria mitigation programmes led by the ADF Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute in partnership with the Vietnam People's Army and the Papua New Guinea Defence Force. Both programmes were designed with extensive collaboration with host nation stakeholders, empowered local institutions and governance systems, built the capacity of the host nation with the aim of achieving independence from Australian support and met the strategic policy requirements of all nations involved. Process and outcome measures were built into both programmes, providing partner nations with the necessary assurance that funding was being used effectively. The long-term nature of each programme engendered personal trust between individuals and cultural understanding between military units. Recognising the value of formal education in the design and conduct of such programmes, ADF officers participate as students and instructors in the US Uniformed University of the Health Sciences course in Global Health and Global Health Engagement. Critically, this educational opportunity is afforded to future leaders in all professions related to health, including clinicians, military health planners and commanders. While an essential prerequisite to Global Health Engagement Programmes is their technical viability and validity, the most important key to success in the military context is a widespread understanding of how they achieve desired strategic effects for all involved.