未经批准的基因组编辑品种对进口籽粒的污染对全球范围内运输和处理过程中的监测和可追溯性构成了重大挑战:来自奥地利一项野生油菜研究的推论。

IF 4.9 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Kathrin Pascher, Christa Hainz-Renetzeder, Michaela Jagersberger, Katharina Kneissl, Günter Gollmann, Gerald M Schneeweiss
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引用次数: 0

摘要

CRISPR/Cas等新技术越来越多地应用于现代作物的开发。然而,世界各地对基因组编辑生物的生产、标签和处理的监管框架各不相同。目前,欧盟委员会正在提出一个问题,即基因组编辑生物将来是否仍应作为转基因生物进行监管,还是应该实施放松管制。在本文中,基于对奥地利油菜2年的案例研究结果,我们表明,在进口和随后的运输和处理活动中,种子溢出是种子意外传播到环境中,随后出现野生油菜种群并在自然栖息地建立和长期存在的关键因素。这些事实同样也必须考虑到基因组编辑的油菜污染物,这些污染物可能意外地与传统的籽粒一起引入。我们提供的证据表明,在奥地利,油菜基因型的高度多样性,包括一些在奥地利栽培油菜中未知的等位基因,存在于种子溢出高和杂草管理低的地点,使这些地点成为基因组编辑的油菜品种可能逃逸到环境中的主要关注点。由于单基因组编辑油菜事件的适当检测方法最近才开始成功开发,而且这些人工点状DNA交换的不利影响在很大程度上仍然未知,因此追踪这些遗传修饰的传播和传播对其监测、识别和可追溯性提出了很高的要求。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Contamination of imported kernels by unapproved genome-edited varieties poses a major challenge for monitoring and traceability during transport and handling on a global scale: inferences from a study on feral oilseed rape in Austria.

Contamination of imported kernels by unapproved genome-edited varieties poses a major challenge for monitoring and traceability during transport and handling on a global scale: inferences from a study on feral oilseed rape in Austria.

Contamination of imported kernels by unapproved genome-edited varieties poses a major challenge for monitoring and traceability during transport and handling on a global scale: inferences from a study on feral oilseed rape in Austria.

Contamination of imported kernels by unapproved genome-edited varieties poses a major challenge for monitoring and traceability during transport and handling on a global scale: inferences from a study on feral oilseed rape in Austria.

Novel techniques such as CRISPR/Cas are increasingly being applied for the development of modern crops. However, the regulatory framework for production, labelling and handling of genome-edited organisms varies worldwide. Currently, the European Commission is raising the question whether genome-edited organisms should still be regulated as genetically modified organisms in the future or whether a deregulation should be implemented. In our paper, based on the outcome of a 2-year case study on oilseed rape in Austria, we show that seed spillage during import and subsequent transport and handling activities is a key factor for the unintended dispersal of seeds into the environment, the subsequent emergence of feral oilseed rape populations and their establishment and long-term persistence in natural habitats. These facts must likewise be considered in case of genome-edited oilseed rape contaminants that might be accidentally introduced with conventional kernels. We provide evidence that in Austria a high diversity of oilseed rape genotypes, including some with alleles not known from cultivated oilseed rape in Austria, exists at sites with high seed spillage and low weed management, rendering these sites of primary concern with respect to possible escape of genome-edited oilseed rape varieties into the environment. Since appropriate detection methods for single genome-edited oilseed rape events have only recently started to be successfully developed and the adverse effects of these artificial punctate DNA exchanges remain largely unknown, tracing the transmission and spread of these genetic modifications places high requirements on their monitoring, identification, and traceability.

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