Ivaylo I Ivanov, Timur Tuganbaev, Ashwin N Skelly, Kenya Honda
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引用次数: 0
摘要
免疫系统利用识别工具与其微生物进化伙伴进行交流。在所有感知微生物的方法中,T 细胞具有最广泛的微生物识别分辨率,从对整个微生物群的最粗略检测到对特定抗原的最精细检测。将这种识别能力应用于抗感染的关键任务一直是经典免疫学的重点。我们现在认识到,免疫系统和微生物群的共同进化导致了微生物识别下游一棵茂盛的免疫决策树的发展,而炎症反应只是其中的一个分支。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论肠道中已知的 T 细胞与微生物的相互作用,并将它们置于一个识别算法框架的背景下,根据上下文进行解释,以及跨多个微生物识别分辨率级别的反应回路。T 细胞对微生物群的可塑性为利用微生物群控制的途径编辑免疫反应的细胞性、特性和功能性提供了机会,从而促进人类健康。
The immune system employs recognition tools to communicate with its microbial evolutionary partner. Among all the methods of microbial perception, T cells enable the widest spectrum of microbial recognition resolution, ranging from the crudest detection of whole groups of microbes to the finest detection of specific antigens. The application of this recognition capability to the crucial task of combatting infections has been the focus of classical immunology. We now appreciate that the coevolution of the immune system and the microbiota has led to development of a lush immunological decision tree downstream of microbial recognition, of which an inflammatory response is but one branch. In this review we discuss known T cell-microbe interactions in the gut and place them in the context of an algorithmic framework of recognition, context-dependent interpretation, and response circuits across multiple levels of microbial recognition resolution. The malleability of T cells in response to the microbiota presents an opportunity to edit immune response cellularity, identity, and functionality by utilizing microbiota-controlled pathways to promote human health.
期刊介绍:
The Annual Review of Immunology, in publication since 1983, focuses on basic immune mechanisms and molecular basis of immune diseases in humans. Topics include innate and adaptive immunity; immune cell development and differentiation; immune control of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) and cancer; and human immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. The current volume of this journal has been converted from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with all articles published under a CC BY license.