改进的基本细胞遗传学对蝴蝶染色体全心性的挑战。

IF 1.7 4区 生物学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY
Bernard Dutrillaux, Anne-Marie Dutrillaux, Mélanie McClure, Marc Gèze, Marianne Elias, Bertrand Bed'hom
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引用次数: 2

摘要

蝴蝶的有丝分裂染色体,在大多数发表的数据中看起来像点或短丝状,通常被认为缺乏局部着丝粒,因此是全动力学的。在许多其他无脊椎动物中观察到的这种特殊性与被称为“反向减数分裂”的减数分裂特殊性有关,其中第一次分裂是相等的,即着丝粒分裂和姐妹染色单体的分离,而不是同源染色体。然而,蝴蝶染色体的精确分析是困难的,因为(1)它们的大小非常小,相当于哺乳动物中期染色体的2条带,(2)它们在假定的着丝粒区域缺乏卫星DNA/异染色质,因此有明显的初级收缩。我们改进的基本染色体制备条件,在这里应用于属于蛱蝶科和蝶蛹科的6种蝴蝶,挑战了它们染色体的完整中心性:尽管没有初级收缩,姐妹染色单体在有丝分裂中期在一定的位置上反复结合在一起,这使得建立由远心和亚准心染色体组成的核型成为可能。每个核型的染色体总数与非单中心染色体的数量大致成反比,这表明在进化过程中经常发生类似罗伯逊的融合或分裂。此外,染色体在减数分裂的各个阶段的行为和形态变化似乎与典型减数分裂没有太大的不同。特别是,在中期II染色体明显有2个姐妹染色单体,这反驳了后期I是相等的。因此,我们提出了一种替代的机制来解释蝴蝶染色体数量的巨大变化:(1)在祖先的核型中,由大约62条主要为中心染色体组成,着丝粒缺乏着丝粒异染色质/卫星DNA,位于与端粒异染色质接触的位置;(2)端粒异染色质的不稳定性在很大程度上推动了蝴蝶进化过程中发生的多重重排,主要是染色体融合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Improved Basic Cytogenetics Challenges Holocentricity of Butterfly Chromosomes.

Mitotic chromosomes of butterflies, which look like dots or short filaments in most published data, are generally considered to lack localised centromeres and thus to be holokinetic. This particularity, observed in a number of other invertebrates, is associated with meiotic particularities known as "inverted meiosis," in which the first division is equational, i.e., centromere splitting-up and segregation of sister chromatids instead of homologous chromosomes. However, the accurate analysis of butterfly chromosomes is difficult because (1) their size is very small, equivalent to 2 bands of a mammalian metaphase chromosome, and (2) they lack satellite DNA/heterochromatin in putative centromere regions and therefore marked primary constrictions. Our improved conditions for basic chromosome preparations, here applied to 6 butterfly species belonging to families Nymphalidae and Pieridae challenges the holocentricity of their chromosomes: in spite of the absence of primary constrictions, sister chromatids are recurrently held together at definite positions during mitotic metaphase, which makes possible to establish karyotypes composed of acrocentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The total number of chromosomes per karyotype is roughly inversely proportional to that of non-acrocentric chromosomes, which suggests the occurrence of frequent robertsonian-like fusions or fissions during evolution. Furthermore, the behaviour and morphological changes of chromosomes along the various phases of meiosis do not seem to differ much from those of canonical meiosis. In particular, at metaphase II chromosomes clearly have 2 sister chromatids, which refutes that anaphase I was equational. Thus, we propose an alternative mechanism to holocentricity for explaining the large variations in chromosome numbers in butterflies: (1) in the ancestral karyotype, composed of about 62 mostly acrocentric chromosomes, the centromeres, devoid of centromeric heterochromatin/satellite DNA, were located at contact with telomeric heterochromatin; (2) the instability of telomeric heterochromatin largely contributed to drive the multiple rearrangements, principally chromosome fusions, which occurred during butterfly evolution.

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来源期刊
Cytogenetic and Genome Research
Cytogenetic and Genome Research 生物-细胞生物学
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
5.90%
发文量
25
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: During the last decades, ''Cytogenetic and Genome Research'' has been the leading forum for original reports and reviews in human and animal cytogenetics, including molecular, clinical and comparative cytogenetics. In recent years, most of its papers have centered on genome research, including gene cloning and sequencing, gene mapping, gene regulation and expression, cancer genetics, comparative genetics, gene linkage and related areas. The journal also publishes key papers on chromosome aberrations in somatic, meiotic and malignant cells. Its scope has expanded to include studies on invertebrate and plant cytogenetics and genomics. Also featured are the vast majority of the reports of the International Workshops on Human Chromosome Mapping, the reports of international human and animal chromosome nomenclature committees, and proceedings of the American and European cytogenetic conferences and other events. In addition to regular issues, the journal has been publishing since 2002 a series of topical issues on a broad variety of themes from cytogenetic and genome research.
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