Holly Elser, Arielle Kempinsky, Sidra Goldman-Mellor, Maggie Li, Ralph Catalano, David H Rehkopf, Joan A Casey
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With U.S. Geological Survey Advanced National Seismic System data, we generated county-level 6-month rolling counts of felt earthquakes (≥<i>M</i> 4) and linked them to patient residential county at the time of the healthcare visit. In this repeated measures, individual-level analysis we used generalized estimating equations to estimate the odds of monthly anxiety-related healthcare visits as a function of the frequency of ≥<i>M</i> 4 earthquakes in the previous 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 4,594 individuals in Oklahoma observed from 2010 to 2019. For every additional five ≥<i>M</i> 4 earthquakes in the preceding 6 months, the odds of healthcare visits for stress disorders increased (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.57). We found no evidence of an association with adjustment reaction (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.89, 1.23), anxiety-related disorders (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.03), or physical symptoms of anxiety (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We report an association between increased frequency of felt earthquakes and treatment seeking for stress disorders. This finding should motivate ongoing study of the potential consequences of the oil and gas industry for mental health outcomes including anxiety disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/61/ee9-7-e232.PMC9916016.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Manmade earthquakes and healthcare visits for anxiety disorders in Oklahoma, 2010-2019.\",\"authors\":\"Holly Elser, Arielle Kempinsky, Sidra Goldman-Mellor, Maggie Li, Ralph Catalano, David H Rehkopf, Joan A Casey\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000232\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Since 2010, seismicity in Oklahoma has increased from wastewater injection. It remains unknown if these earthquakes have resulted in increased treatment seeking for mental healthcare services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from a nationwide United States patient-level commercial and Medicare Advantage claims database from 2010 to 2019, we identified healthcare encounters for anxiety disorders using diagnostic codes and subclassified them as adjustment reaction; anxiety-related disorders; physical symptoms of anxiety; and stress disorders. With U.S. Geological Survey Advanced National Seismic System data, we generated county-level 6-month rolling counts of felt earthquakes (≥<i>M</i> 4) and linked them to patient residential county at the time of the healthcare visit. In this repeated measures, individual-level analysis we used generalized estimating equations to estimate the odds of monthly anxiety-related healthcare visits as a function of the frequency of ≥<i>M</i> 4 earthquakes in the previous 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 4,594 individuals in Oklahoma observed from 2010 to 2019. For every additional five ≥<i>M</i> 4 earthquakes in the preceding 6 months, the odds of healthcare visits for stress disorders increased (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.57). We found no evidence of an association with adjustment reaction (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.89, 1.23), anxiety-related disorders (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.03), or physical symptoms of anxiety (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We report an association between increased frequency of felt earthquakes and treatment seeking for stress disorders. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
自2010年以来,俄克拉何马州的地震活动因废水注入而增加。目前尚不清楚这些地震是否导致寻求心理保健服务治疗的人数增加。方法:使用2010年至2019年美国全国范围内的商业和医疗保险优惠索赔数据库的数据,我们使用诊断代码识别焦虑症的医疗保健遭遇,并将其细分为调整反应;焦虑性障碍;焦虑的身体症状;以及压力障碍。利用美国地质调查局先进的国家地震系统数据,我们生成了6个月的县级感觉地震(≥4级)滚动计数,并将其与患者就诊时居住的县联系起来。在重复测量的个体水平分析中,我们使用广义估计方程来估计每月与焦虑相关的医疗保健就诊的几率与前6个月≥4级地震频率的关系。结果:我们确定了2010年至2019年在俄克拉荷马州观察到的4594个人。前6个月每增加5次≥4级地震,因应激障碍就诊的几率就会增加(优势比[OR] = 1.27;95%置信区间[CI] = 1.03, 1.57)。我们没有发现与调整反应相关的证据(OR = 1.05;95% CI = 0.89, 1.23),焦虑相关障碍(OR = 0.96;95% CI = 0.90, 1.03),或焦虑的身体症状(or = 1.03;95% ci = 0.98, 1.09)。结论:我们报告了感觉地震频率增加与寻求应激障碍治疗之间的关联。这一发现应该会激励人们继续研究石油和天然气行业对包括焦虑症在内的心理健康结果的潜在影响。
Manmade earthquakes and healthcare visits for anxiety disorders in Oklahoma, 2010-2019.
Since 2010, seismicity in Oklahoma has increased from wastewater injection. It remains unknown if these earthquakes have resulted in increased treatment seeking for mental healthcare services.
Methods: Using data from a nationwide United States patient-level commercial and Medicare Advantage claims database from 2010 to 2019, we identified healthcare encounters for anxiety disorders using diagnostic codes and subclassified them as adjustment reaction; anxiety-related disorders; physical symptoms of anxiety; and stress disorders. With U.S. Geological Survey Advanced National Seismic System data, we generated county-level 6-month rolling counts of felt earthquakes (≥M 4) and linked them to patient residential county at the time of the healthcare visit. In this repeated measures, individual-level analysis we used generalized estimating equations to estimate the odds of monthly anxiety-related healthcare visits as a function of the frequency of ≥M 4 earthquakes in the previous 6 months.
Results: We identified 4,594 individuals in Oklahoma observed from 2010 to 2019. For every additional five ≥M 4 earthquakes in the preceding 6 months, the odds of healthcare visits for stress disorders increased (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.57). We found no evidence of an association with adjustment reaction (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.89, 1.23), anxiety-related disorders (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.03), or physical symptoms of anxiety (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.09).
Conclusions: We report an association between increased frequency of felt earthquakes and treatment seeking for stress disorders. This finding should motivate ongoing study of the potential consequences of the oil and gas industry for mental health outcomes including anxiety disorders.