分支特异性基因和新颖性的进化起源;工具箱中的新工具

IF 6.2 2区 生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Longjun Wu, J. David Lambert
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引用次数: 4

摘要

分支特异性(又称谱系特异性)基因非常常见,在所有分类水平和所有检查的分支中都能发现。它们可以通过复制先前存在的基因而产生,这可能涉及部分截短或与其他蛋白质结构域或调控序列的组合。它们还可以从非编码序列从头进化,从而产生潜在的真正新颖的蛋白质结构域。最后,由于分支特异性基因通常是由与其他蛋白质缺乏序列同源性来定义的,它们也可能是由足够快的序列进化引起的,从而无法再检测到以前的序列同源性。在这种情况下,快速进化之后是约束,我们认为它们在本体论上是不新颖的,但在功能层面上可能是新颖的。一般来说,分支特异性基因很少受到生物学家的关注,但越来越多的令人着迷的例子表明它们在重要性状中的作用。在这里,我们回顾了一些最近选择的例子,并认为对分支特异性基因的关注是对保守发育调控工具包的重要纠正,而保守发育调控工具箱一直是进化论领域的习惯。最后,我们讨论了关于分支特异性基因进化的问题,以及未来的研究如何解决这些问题。我们强调了这样一种假设,即与其他基因相比,分支特异性基因更有可能参与在其出现的茎群中出现的突触形态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Clade-specific genes and the evolutionary origin of novelty; new tools in the toolkit

Clade-specific (a.k.a. lineage-specific) genes are very common and found at all taxonomic levels and in all clades examined. They can arise by duplication of previously existing genes, which can involve partial truncations or combinations with other protein domains or regulatory sequences. They can also evolve de novo from non-coding sequences, leading to potentially truly novel protein domains. Finally, since clade-specific genes are generally defined by lack of sequence homology with other proteins, they can also arise by sequence evolution that is rapid enough that previous sequence homology can no longer be detected. In such cases, where the rapid evolution is followed by constraint, we consider them to be ontologically non-novel but likely novel at a functional level. In general, clade-specific genes have received less attention from biologists but there are increasing numbers of fascinating examples of their roles in important traits. Here we review some selected recent examples, and argue that attention to clade-specific genes is an important corrective to the focus on the conserved developmental regulatory toolkit that has been the habit of evo-devo as a field. Finally, we discuss questions that arise about the evolution of clade-specific genes, and how these might be addressed by future studies. We highlight the hypothesis that clade-specific genes are more likely to be involved in synapomorphies that arose in the stem group where they appeared, compared to other genes.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
15.10
自引率
1.40%
发文量
310
审稿时长
9.1 weeks
期刊介绍: Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology is a review journal dedicated to keeping scientists informed of developments in the field of molecular cell and developmental biology, on a topic by topic basis. Each issue is thematic in approach, devoted to an important topic of interest to cell and developmental biologists, focusing on the latest advances and their specific implications. The aim of each issue is to provide a coordinated, readable, and lively review of a selected area, published rapidly to ensure currency.
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