This issue of Acta (April 2023)

The cover illustration demonstrates retinal racemose hemangioma arteriovenous malformations. This is published by Akter and Abousamra in the electronic part of this issue of ACTA.

Heikka and Jansonius in The Netherlands found that retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and total retinal thickness (TRT)gave similar information on glaucoma progression, except in poor quality scans where TRT was better. OCT becomes less informative with glaucoma progression.

Pirinen et al in Finland suggest that intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular AMD may accelerate glaucoma progression.

Dahlgren et al in Sweden found in a retrospective study that topical NSAID treatment was not associated with an increased efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty and may even reduce efficacy.

Ahmadi et al in Denmark found the prevalence of optic disc drusen to be elevated in patients diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma and these patients also had a low cup/disc ratio.

Kankainen and Harju in Finland describe a low incidence (0.2%) for endophthalmitis and blebitis after deep sclerectomy and trabeculectomy with routine use of Mitomycin C.

Bolek et al in Poland found ultrasound ciliary plasty to be an effective and well-tolerated method to reduce IOP in patients with refractory glaucoma.

Lee et al in Korea found preoperative peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell- inner plexiform layer thicknesses on OCT to be effective biomarkers for predicting visual outcomes after decompression of pituitary tumours.

Gärdin and Johansson in Sweden performed a retrospective study on postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment with NSAID in combination with steroids. The combination did not reduce need for unplanned postoperative visits or incidence of visually disturbing CME after cataract surgery compared with steroids alone.

Simons et al in The Netherlands found the cost-effectiveness of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) to be inferior to Ultrathin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (UT- DSAEK).

Dail et al in Germany compared retrospectively the effect of monotherapy with intravitreal ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab on retinal ganglion cell layer and retinal nerve fibre layer in patients with naïve neovascular age- related macular degeneration and found similar reduction in thickness with all 3 drugs.

Lehtonen et al in Finland studied prospectively the association between retinal parameters on OCT and motor and cognitive outcomes in very preterm babies. They describe associations between higher average peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and better motor performance as well as higher ganglion cell layer volume and better cognitive performance.

Grzybowsky et al in Poland and USA recall the first successful planned extracapsular cataract extraction in 1752.

Badreldin et al in Denmark suggest identifying microorganisms in keratitis using next- generation genetic sequencing.

The following articles are published only in the electronic part of this issue and are accessible on www.actaophthalmologica.com as are all Acta publications for the last 100 years.

Langenbucher et al in Germany, Austria, Hungary and UK tried to to develop a method for evaluation of formula constant uncertainties and the effect on the prediction error in intraocular lens power calculation with theoretical-optical formulae using bootstrap techniques. They prove with bootstrapping that nonlinear iterative formula constant optimisation techniques for the Haigis, the Castrop and the SRKT formulae yield consistent results with low uncertainties of the formula constants and low variations in the back-calculated mean, median, mean absolute and root mean squared formula prediction error.

Zhang et al in Chin and Australia investigated the association between exogenous hormone use and the risk of cataract surgery among Australian women. Use of hormone replacement therapy increased the risk of cataract surgery.

Motegi et al in Japan and Switzerland describe fibrin membranous structure in the photoreceptor outer segments on OCT images, which are common in untreated initial-onset acute Vogt- Koyanagi- Harada disease and related to disease activity.

Uberos et al in Spain conclude that in very low birth weight neonates, the number of red blood cell transfusions and their administration before 32 weeks gestational age are important risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity.

Chao et al in Australia suggest that corneal epithelial dendritic cells may remain altered more than 12 months after LASIK. An association with substance P suggests a role for corneal epithelial dendritic cells in corneal neurogenic inflammation.

Yang et al in China found electro-acupuncture to be better than artificial tears in improving tear film stability and symptoms of dry eye disease.

Li et al in China and USA compared a treat-and-extend (TAE) strategy with a fixed dosing regimen of intravitreal conbercept (IVC) for the management of treatment-naïve polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) patients. Both regimens had similar success rates.

Kredi et al in Israel and Argentina describe a prechoroidal cleft in 15% of neovascular age- related macular degeneration patients. It is related to greater retinal and pigment epithelial detachment height.

Akter and Abousamra illustrate retinal racemose hemangioma arteriovenous malformations.

Rallis et al in Greece describe tortuosity of retinal vasculature in preterm growth-restricted neonates.

Farrall and Smith in Australia document the incidence and survival of ocular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

We hope you enjoy this issue of Acta Ophthalmologica in wonderful spring weather.

Best wishes,

Einar Stefánsson, Kai Kaarniranta.