A C Grupe Ii, M E Smith, A Weier, R Healy, M V Caiafa, D H Pfister, D Haelewaters, C A Quandt
{"title":"来自智利的两个 Phaeohelotium 新种(Leotiomycetes: Helotiaceae)及其假定的外生菌根状态。","authors":"A C Grupe Ii, M E Smith, A Weier, R Healy, M V Caiafa, D H Pfister, D Haelewaters, C A Quandt","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2022.10.10","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species of the genus <i>Phaeohelotium</i> (<i>Leotiomycetes</i>: <i>Helotiaceae</i>) are cup fungi that grow on decaying wood, leaves, litter, and directly on soil. Northern Hemisphere species are primarily found on litter and wood, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere the genus includes a mix of saprotrophs as well as taxa that grow on soil in association with ectomycorrhizal trees. The diversity of this genus has not been fully explored in southern South America. Here we describe two species from Chile, <i>Phaeohelotium maiusaurantium sp. nov</i>. and <i>Ph. pallidum sp. nov</i>., found on soil in Patagonian <i>Nothofagaceae</i>-dominated forests. We present macro- and micromorphological descriptions, illustrations, and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The two new species are placed in <i>Phaeohelotium</i> with high support in our 15-locus phylogeny as well as phylogenetic reconstructions based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. Our ITS phylogeny places both <i>Ph. maiusaurantium</i> and <i>Ph. pallidum</i> in a well-supported subclade that includes ectomycorrhizal root tip samples from Australasia. Similar species can be separated from these new taxa based on morphological characteristics, biogeography, substrate, and sequence data. In addition, two unnamed species from Chilean <i>Nothofagaceae</i> forests (<i>Phaeohelotium</i> sp. 1 and <i>Phaeohelotium</i> sp. 2) are documented from scant collections and sequence data and await description until more material becomes available. <b>Citation:</b> Grupe II AC, Smith ME, Weier A, Healy R, Caiafa MV, Pfister DH, Haelewaters D, Quandt CA (2022). Two new species of <i>Phaeohelotium</i> (<i>Leotiomycetes</i>: <i>Helotiaceae</i>) from Chile and their putative ectomycorrhizal status. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>10</b>: 231-249. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.10.</p>","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"10 ","pages":"231-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9875694/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Two new species of <i>Phaeohelotium</i> (<i>Leotiomycetes</i>: <i>Helotiaceae</i>) from Chile and their putative ectomycorrhizal status.\",\"authors\":\"A C Grupe Ii, M E Smith, A Weier, R Healy, M V Caiafa, D H Pfister, D Haelewaters, C A Quandt\",\"doi\":\"10.3114/fuse.2022.10.10\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Species of the genus <i>Phaeohelotium</i> (<i>Leotiomycetes</i>: <i>Helotiaceae</i>) are cup fungi that grow on decaying wood, leaves, litter, and directly on soil. Northern Hemisphere species are primarily found on litter and wood, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere the genus includes a mix of saprotrophs as well as taxa that grow on soil in association with ectomycorrhizal trees. The diversity of this genus has not been fully explored in southern South America. Here we describe two species from Chile, <i>Phaeohelotium maiusaurantium sp. nov</i>. and <i>Ph. pallidum sp. nov</i>., found on soil in Patagonian <i>Nothofagaceae</i>-dominated forests. We present macro- and micromorphological descriptions, illustrations, and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The two new species are placed in <i>Phaeohelotium</i> with high support in our 15-locus phylogeny as well as phylogenetic reconstructions based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. Our ITS phylogeny places both <i>Ph. maiusaurantium</i> and <i>Ph. pallidum</i> in a well-supported subclade that includes ectomycorrhizal root tip samples from Australasia. Similar species can be separated from these new taxa based on morphological characteristics, biogeography, substrate, and sequence data. In addition, two unnamed species from Chilean <i>Nothofagaceae</i> forests (<i>Phaeohelotium</i> sp. 1 and <i>Phaeohelotium</i> sp. 2) are documented from scant collections and sequence data and await description until more material becomes available. <b>Citation:</b> Grupe II AC, Smith ME, Weier A, Healy R, Caiafa MV, Pfister DH, Haelewaters D, Quandt CA (2022). Two new species of <i>Phaeohelotium</i> (<i>Leotiomycetes</i>: <i>Helotiaceae</i>) from Chile and their putative ectomycorrhizal status. <i>Fungal Systematics and Evolution</i> <b>10</b>: 231-249. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.10.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":73121,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Fungal systematics and evolution\",\"volume\":\"10 \",\"pages\":\"231-249\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9875694/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Fungal systematics and evolution\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.10.10\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2022/12/15 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fungal systematics and evolution","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.10.10","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/12/15 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
杯状真菌属(Leotiomycetes: Helotiaceae)的物种生长在腐烂的木材、树叶、废弃物上,也可以直接生长在土壤中。北半球的物种主要生长在枯枝落叶和木材上,而在南半球,该属包括汲液菌和与外生菌根树木一起生长在土壤上的类群。该属在南美洲南部的多样性尚未得到充分探索。在这里,我们描述了智利的两个物种,Phaeohelotium maiusaurantium sp.我们对这两个新种进行了宏观和微观形态描述、图解以及分子系统学分析。这两个新物种被归入 Phaeohelotium,在我们的 15 个焦点系统发育以及基于核核糖体 RNA 基因内部转录间隔区(ITS)的系统发育重建中得到了高度支持。我们的 ITS 系统发育将 Ph. maiusaurantium 和 Ph. pallidum 放在一个支持良好的亚支系中,该支系包括来自澳大拉西亚的外生菌根顶端样本。根据形态特征、生物地理学、基质和序列数据,类似的物种可以从这些新分类群中分离出来。此外,智利 Nothofagaceae 森林中的两个未命名物种(Phaeohelotium sp.引用:Grupe II AC, Smith ME, Weier A, Healy R, Caiafa MV, Pfister DH, Haelewaters D, Quandt CA (2022).来自智利的两个 Phaeohelotium(Leotiomycetes: Helotiaceae)新种及其假定的外生菌根状态。Fungal Systematics and Evolution 10: 231-249. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.10.
Two new species of Phaeohelotium (Leotiomycetes: Helotiaceae) from Chile and their putative ectomycorrhizal status.
Species of the genus Phaeohelotium (Leotiomycetes: Helotiaceae) are cup fungi that grow on decaying wood, leaves, litter, and directly on soil. Northern Hemisphere species are primarily found on litter and wood, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere the genus includes a mix of saprotrophs as well as taxa that grow on soil in association with ectomycorrhizal trees. The diversity of this genus has not been fully explored in southern South America. Here we describe two species from Chile, Phaeohelotium maiusaurantium sp. nov. and Ph. pallidum sp. nov., found on soil in Patagonian Nothofagaceae-dominated forests. We present macro- and micromorphological descriptions, illustrations, and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The two new species are placed in Phaeohelotium with high support in our 15-locus phylogeny as well as phylogenetic reconstructions based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. Our ITS phylogeny places both Ph. maiusaurantium and Ph. pallidum in a well-supported subclade that includes ectomycorrhizal root tip samples from Australasia. Similar species can be separated from these new taxa based on morphological characteristics, biogeography, substrate, and sequence data. In addition, two unnamed species from Chilean Nothofagaceae forests (Phaeohelotium sp. 1 and Phaeohelotium sp. 2) are documented from scant collections and sequence data and await description until more material becomes available. Citation: Grupe II AC, Smith ME, Weier A, Healy R, Caiafa MV, Pfister DH, Haelewaters D, Quandt CA (2022). Two new species of Phaeohelotium (Leotiomycetes: Helotiaceae) from Chile and their putative ectomycorrhizal status. Fungal Systematics and Evolution10: 231-249. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.10.10.