Comprehensive fault simulation method in active distribution network with the consideration of cyber security

With the many characteristics of cyber–physical systems (CPS), including the complex evolution of various dynamic processes in distribution networks (DNs), communication modes and serious network security events have become important issues. From the perspective of DN analysis, traditional electrical digital simulations cannot access current models of communication systems and cyber network security events. The interactions between cyber and physical networks cannot be simulated and analysed simultaneously, which is challenging to the development of CPS simulations of DNs. To evaluate the impact of cyber networks on physical networks, a CPS simulation platform that contains physical, communication and control layers is discussed. Three-phase short-circuit fault processing and islanding operation control are simulated by data interactions among three-layer models that are used to analyse the impact of communication data tampering on fault handling processes. The influence of data tampering on fault processing and the influence of false data injection and data interception on islanding operation control processes are analysed. The simulation results show that the network information security has a large impact on fault protection and islanding operation control, which leads to the expansion of the outage scope and the failure of islanding operation frequency adjustment. This article also provides a simulation basis for the analysis of CPS operation characteristics and the identification and prevention of cyber network security events.