[Exploring Fatigue Patterns and Associated Factors Among Patients on Hemodialysis].

Background: Fatigue in patients on hemodialysis varies based on disease and treatment situations. Most studies have assessed the effectiveness of interventions based on average fatigue during the past week. However, two different types of fatigue are identified: post-dialysis fatigue and continuous fatigue. Identifying different types of fatigue and related factors may facilitate the development of more-effective, type-specific measures to reduce patient fatigue.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore fatigue patterns and predictors in patients on hemodialysis during their eight-day dialysis cycle.

Methods: A perspective, observational research design was adopted. One hundred and two patients were recruited from three hospitals and one hemodialysis clinic in New Taipei City. During the dialysis, patients answered a structured questionnaire that included a demographic datasheet, Taiwanese depression questionnaire, hemodialysis social support scale, trait anxiety inventory, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and fatigue visual analogy scale. After dialysis on each day, patients completed the fatigue visual analogy scale for a period of eight consecutive days every morning, noon, and night. Biochemical data and inter-dialysis weight gain were collected from medical charts.

Results: This study found three distinct fatigue status groups: fatigue adaptation, rapid change and continuous fatigue. After the day of dialysis, fatigue level was the lowest in the fatigue adaptation group, followed by the continuous fatigue group. The rapid change group reported the highest level of fatigue. With regard to the degree of increase in fatigue after dialysis (fatigue score after dialysis minus fatigue score before dialysis), the rapid change group had the highest average increase in score after dialysis, while the continuous fatigue group had the lowest. Sleep quality, trait anxiety, and health caregiver support were also found to be predictors of group affiliation.

Conclusions: Nurses can provide individual social support interventions and methods to improve sleep quality and alleviate anxiety to reduce fatigue in patients on hemodialysis.