加速发酵法发酵禽窝上蚯蚓生物量的生化组成

I. S. Osipenko, S. Merzlov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在我国和世界上大多数国家,肉禽(直接肉鸡)数量的大量增加,伴随着该技术在有限地区的大量废物(粪便和垃圾)的积累。根据一些研究人员的说法,这种生物质的利用必须考虑到环境要求和挑战。这些要求是通过利用家禽粪便进行蚯蚓养殖(生长蠕虫)来满足的。在生物破坏者(微生物制剂)的参与下,将肉鸡粪便与垫料一起作为蚯蚓养殖的基质进行堆肥处理是有前景的。然而,利用生物杀灭剂BTU-CENTER发酵的底物组成中的家禽粪便对蚯蚓生物量化学组成的影响问题尚未得到研究。研究的材料是在含有不同剂量的生物破坏者发酵的肉鸡粪便的基质上生长的蠕虫的生物量。对照组蚯蚓生物量在不使用生物灭菌剂发酵540 d的肉鸡粪和窝底物质量为92.0%和麦秸质量为8.0%的基质上生长。试验1、2、3组分别以3.75、7.5、11.25 cm3/t和8.0%麦秸为底物,用BTU-CENTER生物灭虫剂在肉鸡粪便发酵凋落物质量为92.0%的基质上培养180 d。测定了蚯蚓生物量中总蛋白、脂质、灰分、锌、铁、铜、铅、镉的含量。实验证明,在低剂量生物灭菌剂发酵的肉鸡粪便上生长的蚯蚓生物量中总蛋白含量几乎没有变化。在添加11.25 cm3/t的肉仔鸡粪便发酵基质上获得的线虫生物量中,总蛋白质含量比对照提高了2.1%。在含有最高剂量生物灭菌剂发酵的肉鸡粪便的基质上(试验III组)生长的蚯蚓生物量中脂质含量有统计学意义上的显著增加。与对照组的差异为6.7%。结果表明,与ⅰ组、ⅱ组和ⅲ组相比,在家禽粪便发酵过程中使用越多的生物灭菌剂,其上生长的蚯蚓生物量中总灰分含量越高。对照的灰分含量最高。与试验组的差异分别为18.1%、12.1和6.0%。以生物灭菌剂发酵的粪便含量为7.5 cm3/t和11.25 cm3/t的基质处理,蚯蚓生物量中铁含量分别比对照组低1.95%和0.76%。铜和锌的含量以对照组最高。在11.25 cm3/t生物灭菌剂发酵的基质上生长的蚯蚓生物量中,铜和锌的含量分别比对照组低2.5%和0.9%。结果表明,在用生物破坏剂发酵的肉鸡粪便基质上,土壤中铅和镉的含量未超过蚯蚓养殖的最大允许标准。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
BIOCHEMICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VERMICULTURE BIOMASS GROWN ON POULTRY LITTER FERMENTED BY THE ACCELERATED METHOD
The intensive increase in the number of meat poultry, directly broiler chickens both in our country and in the most countries of the world, is accompanied by the accumulation of a large amount of waste (droppings with litter) of this technology in limited areas. According to a number of researchers, the utilization of this biomass must take into account environmental requirements and challenges. These requirements are met by the utilization of poultry droppings by means of vermiculture (growing worms). It is promising to prepare the droppings of broiler chickens with bedding for its use as a substrate for vermiculture by composting with the participation of biodestructors (microbiological preparations). However, the problem of the influence of poultry droppings in the composition of the substrate fermented with the help of biodestrutor BTU-CENTER on the chemical composition of vermiculture biomass remains unstudied. The material for study was the biomass of worms grown on a substrate containing broiler droppings fermented with various doses of a biodestructor. In the control group, vermiculture biomass was grown on a substrate that included 92.0% by weight of broiler chicken droppings with litter fermented for 540 days without the use of a biodestructor and 8.0% wheat straw. In the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd experimental groups, worms were grown on a substrate consisting of 92.0% by mass of broiler chicken droppings with fermented litter for 180 days using the BTU-CENTER biodestructor, respectively, in the amount of 3.75, 7 .5 and 11.25 cm3/t and 8.0% wheat straw. The content of total protein, lipids, ash, zinc, ferrum, copper, lead and cadmium was determined in vermiculture biomass. It has been proven that the content of total protein in vermiculture biomass grown on broiler chicken droppings fermented with a low dose of biodestructor almost does not change. In the biomass of worms obtained on a substrate with the content of broiler droppings fermented with a biodestructor in the amount of 11.25 cm3/t, the total protein content increases by 2.1% compared to the control one. A statistically significant increase in the content of lipids in the biomass of vermiculture grown on a substrate containing broiler droppings fermented with the highest dose of biodestructor (experimental group III) was established. The difference with the control group was 6.7%. It was proven that the more biodestructor was used for fermentation of poultry droppings, the higher the content of total ash was found in the vermiculture biomass grown on it, comparing the I, II and III research groups. The highest ash content was found in the control one. The difference with the experimental groups was 18.1, 12.1 and 6.0%, respectively. Using the substrate with the content of manure fermented with a biodestructor in doses of 7.5 and 11.25 cm3/t, the content of ferrum in the vermiculture biomass was lower than in the control group by 1.95 and 0.76%, respectively. The highest content of copper and zinc was found in the biomass of worms from the control group. In the biomass of vermiculture grown on a substrate with manure fermented with a biodestructor at a dose of 11.25 cm3/t, the content of copper and zinc was lower than in the control group by 2.5 and 0.9%, respectively. It was established that the content of lead and cadmium did not exceed the maximum allowable norm for growing vermiculture on a substrate containing broiler chicken droppings fermented with a biodestructor.
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