大气金属积累和苔藓中氮沉降:1990 - 2020年的时间变化,与排放数据和树冠滴水效应的比较

W. Schröder, S. Nickel, Annekatrin Dreyer, B. Völksen
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摘要

在许多地点,苔藓适合于记录大面积大气沉积的生物积累。在欧洲,这种监测自1990年以来每五年进行一次。对苔藓进行了收集和化学分析,包括金属(1990年以来)、氮(2005年以来)、持久性有机污染物(2010年以来)和微塑料(2020年)。本研究的目的是:(1)分析1990年、2005年和2020年德国苔藓金属和氮积累的时间趋势;(2)对比累积趋势与排放数据;(3)测定树冠滴灌对苔藓金属和氮积累的影响。对于时间趋势分析,计算了在此基础上可靠估计算术平均值和统计参数所需的最小样本数。这只在氮上实现了,而不是在金属上。因此,在中位数的基础上计算金属和氮的生物积累的时间趋势。为了分析树冠对苔藓元素积累的影响,使用了14种植被结构测量,以及80种其他描述符来描述每个苔藓收集点及其环境。将第一次监测活动期间获得的数据与2020年调查期间获得的数据进行比较显示,金属生物积累显著减少。然而,与排放数据相反,在2000年至2005年期间观察到某些金属的积累增加,在2015年至2020年期间观察到所有金属的积累增加。在过去三次运动(2005年、2015年和2020年)中,德国范围内的氮中位数趋势表明,2005年至2015年期间氮中位数下降了- 2%,2015年至2020年期间增加了+8%。这些差异并不显著,也不符合排放趋势。推断统计证实,与邻近开阔区域相比,在树冠下收集的苔藓中金属和氮的积累量显著增加。测得的金属和氮浓度在树冠下显著高于树冠外,高出18-150%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Accumulation of Atmospheric Metals and Nitrogen Deposition in Mosses: Temporal Development between 1990 and 2020, Comparison with Emission Data and Tree Canopy Drip Effects
Mosses are suitable for recording the bioaccumulation of atmospheric deposition over large areas at many sites. In Europe, such monitoring has been carried out every five years since 1990. Mosses have been collected and chemically analysed for metals (since 1990), nitrogen (since 2005), persistent organic pollutants (since 2010) and microplastics (2020). The aims of this study were the following: (1) to analyse the temporal trends of metal and nitrogen accumulation in mosses between 1990 or 2005, respectively, and 2020 in Germany; (2) to compare the accumulation trends with emission data; and (3) to determine the effect of tree canopy drip on metal and nitrogen accumulation in mosses. For the temporal trend analysis, the minimum sample number required for a reliable estimation of arithmetic mean values and statistical parameters based on it was calculated. It was only achieved for nitrogen, but not for metals. Therefore, the temporal trends of the bioaccumulation of metals and nitrogen were calculated on the basis of median values. For the analysis of tree canopy effects on element accumulation in mosses, 14 vegetation structure measures were used, which together with 80 other descriptors characterise each moss collection site and its environment. The comparison of the data obtained during the first monitoring campaign with those of the 2020 survey showed a significant decrease in metal bioaccumulation. However, in contrast to the emission data, an increase in the accumulation of some metals was observed between 2000 and 2005 and of all metals from 2015 to 2020. Trends in Germany-wide nitrogen medians over the last three campaigns (2005, 2015 and 2020) show that nitrogen medians decreased by −2% between 2005 and 2015 and increased by +8% between 2015 and 2020. These differences are not significant and do not match the emission trends. Inferential statistics confirmed significantly higher metals and nitrogen accumulation in mosses collected under tree canopies compared to adjacent open areas. Measured concentrations of metals and nitrogen were significantly higher under tree canopies than outside of them, by 18–150%.
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